python2与python3使用差异汇总

• py3 cv2模块保存中文路径

cv2.imencode('.jpg', frame)[1].tofile('中文/1.jpg') #imwrite中文乱码

• sys.out不可同时出现在不同文件，否则报错‘ValueError: I/O operation on closed file.’

if int(sys.version[0])==3:
    sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-8') #中文输出

• py3环境json.loads(requests.body)报错：the JSON object must be str, not 'bytes'

json.loads(str(self.request.body, encoding='utf-8'))

• py3中文print异常：UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 7-10: ordinal not in range(128)

import io, sys
if int(sys.version[0])==3:
    sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-8')

• 文本读取，py3中不适用utf-8时，报错：UnicodeEncodeError: 'gbk' codec can't encode character: illegal multibyte sequence

with open(txt, 'r') as f:   #py2
  buffs = f.realines()

with open(txt, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: #py3
  buffs = f.readlines()

• 文件读取， py3 报错 UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xff in position 0: invalid start byte

with open(imagePath, 'r') as f:  #py2
	imageBin = f.read()

with open(imagePath, 'rb') as f:  #py3
	imageBin = f.read()

• base64.b64encode(字符串)，相关错误： a bytes-like object is required

key='tmp'
if int(sys.version_info[0]) == 3:
    headers={'Authorization':'Basic' + base64.b64encode(key.encode()).decode()}
else:
    headers = {'Authorization': 'Basic' + base64.b64encode(key)}

• 类继承

class mask_rcnn_outputs(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim_in):
        super(mask_rcnn_outputs, self).__init__()   #python2


class mask_rcnn_outputs(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dim_in):
        super().__init__()              #python3

• 模块加载

import sys
if int(sys.version[0])==2:
    import cPickle
    import json
    import urllib
else:
    import pickle as cPickle
    import simplejson as json
    import urllib.request as urllib

• python3中is not JSON serializable

方法1：转换编码为unicode
 Either transform into Unicode (json.dumps(x.decode("utf-8"))), 
 or into an integer array (json.dumps(list(x))).

方法2：pip3 install simplejson

import simplejson as json

• 除法运算差异，这也是py2转py3常遇到的问题

>>> 1/2        #py2
0


>>> 1/2        #py3
0.5
>>> 1//2
0

参考文献：

1. TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' when writing to a file in Python3

2. 'urllib' object has no attribute 'urlretrieve'