Linux网络基础管理

最新推荐文章于 2021-11-26 16:00:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-11-26 16:00:24 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hzw199788/article/details/102365856

版权

本文介绍了Linux系统中网络管理的基础操作，包括修改网卡命名、使用ifconfig和ip命令管理网卡状态、查看和修改路由表、用hostnamectl设置主机名、管理网络配置文件、使用NetworkManager以及各种网络监测和故障排查工具如ping、nslookup、traceroute和netstat的使用方法。

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文章目录

修改网卡命名

 cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-eno16777736  ifdown-ippp  ifdown-routes    ifup          ifup-ipv6   ifup-ppp       ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo           ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-sit       ifup-aliases  ifup-isdn   ifup-routes    ifup-wireless
ifdown             ifdown-isdn  ifdown-Team      ifup-bnep     ifup-plip   ifup-sit       init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep        ifdown-post  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-eth      ifup-plusb  ifup-Team      network-functions
ifdown-eth         ifdown-ppp   ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp     ifup-post   ifup-TeamPort  network-functions-ipv6
[root@localhost network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-eht0   ifdown-ippp  ifdown-routes    ifup          ifup-ipv6   ifup-ppp       ifup-tunnel
ifcfg-lo     ifdown-ipv6  ifdown-sit       ifup-aliases  ifup-isdn   ifup-routes    ifup-wireless
ifdown       ifdown-isdn  ifdown-Team      ifup-bnep     ifup-plip   ifup-sit       init.ipv6-global
ifdown-bnep  ifdown-post  ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-eth      ifup-plusb  ifup-Team      network-functions
ifdown-eth   ifdown-ppp   ifdown-tunnel    ifup-ippp     ifup-post   ifup-TeamPort  network-functions-ipv6
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-eht0 
//
HWADDR=00:0C:29:41:29:B7
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
PEERDNS=yes
PEERROUTES=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
UUID=b28f4cc9-81d3-43bc-a946-f12f0ab2d596
ONBOOT=yes
~                                                                                                                
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"ifcfg-eth0" 17L, 299C
//
[root@localhost network-scripts]# vi /etc/default/grub
//
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root crashkernel=auto  rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 vconsole.keymap=us net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0 rhgb quiet"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
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"/etc/default/grub" 7L, 355C
</font>
[root@localhost network-scripts]# grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-fddb1370d1b84f6bb7659837b87e6cc4
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-fddb1370d1b84f6bb7659837b87e6cc4.img
done
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:41:29:b7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.220.138/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736
       valid_lft 1068sec preferred_lft 1068sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe41:29b7/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost network-scripts]# reboot
Connection closing...Socket close.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(192.168.220.138) at 09:36:21.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[C:\~]$ 

Connecting to 192.168.220.138:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

WARNING! The remote SSH server rejected X11 forwarding request.
Last login: Tue Oct  8 16:46:55 2019 from 192.168.220.1
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:41:29:b7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.220.138/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 1794sec preferred_lft 1794sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe41:29b7/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

ifconfig

ifconfig lo down：关闭lo网卡

这里关闭lo网卡只是暂时的，重启网卡或者终端后会重新开启

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.220.138  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.220.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe41:29b7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:41:29:b7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 10927  bytes 4520695 (4.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 2598  bytes 285365 (278.6 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dr