Radar Installation
Description Assume the coasting is an infinite straight line. Land is in one side of coasting, sea in the other. Each small island is a point locating in the sea side. And any radar installation, locating on the coasting, can only cover d distance, so an island in the sea can be covered by a radius installation, if the distance between them is at most d.We use Cartesian coordinate system, defining the coasting is the x-axis. The sea side is above x-axis, and the land side below. Given the position of each island in the sea, and given the distance of the coverage of the radar installation, your task is to write a program to find the minimal number of radar installations to cover all the islands. Note that the position of an island is represented by its x-y coordinates.
Input The input consists of several test cases. The first line of each case contains two integers n (1<=n<=1000) and d, where n is the number of islands in the sea and d is the distance of coverage of the radar installation. This is followed by n lines each containing two integers representing the coordinate of the position of each island. Then a blank line follows to separate the cases. Output For each test case output one line consisting of the test case number followed by the minimal number of radar installations needed. "-1" installation means no solution for that case. Sample Input Sample Output Source |
思路:这道题目的难点在于如何把给定的已知条件,转化成相对熟悉的方法来求解。已知存在雷达和岛屿,要求用最少的雷达数目来覆盖全部的岛屿,如果存在不能够覆盖掉的,则输出-1,否则输出需要的最少的雷达数目。题目中岛屿的个数以及坐标都是固定的,要求的是雷达的数目,所以就可以以岛屿的坐标为圆心,以雷达扫描半径为圆的半径,画圆,然后求出圆和x轴的交点,如果两个圆和x轴的交点有重合,则说明这两个岛屿可以共用一个雷达,所以只需要求出以岛屿为圆心的圆与x轴的两个交点即可,以这两个交点为区间,然后求区间的重叠即可,
AC代码如下:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int n,d;
struct node{
int x,y;
double disl,disr;
}p[1005];
bool cmp(node A, node B){
if(A.disl == B.disl)
return A.disr < B.disr;
return A.disl < B.disl;
}
int main(){
int ans = 1;
while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&d)){
if(n == 0 && d == 0)
break;
int flag = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
scanf("%d%d",&p[i].x,&p[i].y);
if(p[i].y > d)//判断是否存在大于雷达半径的岛屿
flag = 1;
}
if(flag){//存在大于雷达半径的岛屿,直接输出-1即可
printf("Case %d: -1\n",ans++);
continue;
}
for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
double dist = sqrt(d * d - p[i].y * p[i].y);//勾股定理求以该岛屿为圆心与x轴交点的横坐标
p[i].disl = -dist + p[i].x;
p[i].disr = dist + p[i].x;//求当前区间的左右端点
}
sort(p,p+n,cmp);//按照左端点进行排序
int cnt = 1;
double r = p[0].disr;//记录第一个区间的右端点
for(int i = 1; i < n; i ++){
if(p[i].disl > r){//当前区间的左端点大于以前某区间的右端点,则说明不重叠,雷达数目+1,更新右端点
cnt ++;
r = p[i].disr;
}
else if(p[i].disr < r){//跟新右端点,使得右端点的值最小,因为只有在某一区间内相交的区间最多,雷达数目才能够最少
r = p[i].disr;
}
}
printf("Case %d: %d\n",ans++,cnt);
}
return 0;
}