Valya and Tolya are an ideal pair, but they quarrel sometimes. Recently, Valya took offense at her boyfriend because he came to her in t-shirt with lettering that differs from lettering on her pullover. Now she doesn't want to see him and Tolya is seating at his room and crying at her photos all day long.
This story could be very sad but fairy godmother (Tolya's grandmother) decided to help them and restore their relationship. She secretly took Tolya's t-shirt and Valya's pullover and wants to make the letterings on them same. In order to do this, for one unit of mana she can buy a spell that can change some letters on the clothes. Your task is calculate the minimum amount of mana that Tolya's grandmother should spend to rescue love of Tolya and Valya.
More formally, letterings on Tolya's t-shirt and Valya's pullover are two strings with same length n consisting only of lowercase English letters. Using one unit of mana, grandmother can buy a spell of form (c1, c2) (where c1 and c2 are some lowercase English letters), which can arbitrary number of times transform a single letter c1 to c2 and vise-versa on both Tolya's t-shirt and Valya's pullover. You should find the minimum amount of mana that grandmother should spend to buy a set of spells that can make the letterings equal. In addition you should output the required set of spells.
The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 105) — the length of the letterings.
The second line contains a string with length n, consisting of lowercase English letters — the lettering on Valya's pullover.
The third line contains the lettering on Tolya's t-shirt in the same format.
In the first line output a single integer — the minimum amount of mana t required for rescuing love of Valya and Tolya.
In the next t lines output pairs of space-separated lowercase English letters — spells that Tolya's grandmother should buy. Spells and letters in spells can be printed in any order.
If there are many optimal answers, output any.
3 abb dad
2 a d b a
8 drpepper cocacola
7 l e e d d c c p p o o r r a
In first example it's enough to buy two spells: ('a','d') and ('b','a'). Then first letters will coincide when we will replace letter 'a' with 'd'. Second letters will coincide when we will replace 'b' with 'a'. Third letters will coincide when we will at first replace 'b' with 'a' and then 'a' with 'd'.
【题意】有(c1,c2)两个字符,用c2替换c1,使得两个长度为n的字符串可以完全相同,求最少的(c1,c2)二元组。
【思路】如果当前对应的两个字符在一个集合中,则不用添加新的(c1,c2)二元组,否则添加一个新的二元组。
【知识点】并查集,dfs
【代码如下】
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int N = 1e5+10;
int n,par[30];
char a[N],b[N];
struct node{
int f,s;
};
vector<node>vct;
int FindSet(int x){
if(x == par[x]) return x;
return par[x] = FindSet(par[x]);
}
void UnoinSet(int x, int y){
int fx = FindSet(x);
int fy = FindSet(y);
if(fx != fy){
par[fx] = fy;
node no; no.f = fx; no.s = fy;
vct.push_back(no);
}
}
int main(){
scanf("%d%s%s",&n,a,b);
for(int i = 0; i < 26; i ++) par[i] = i;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++){
UnoinSet(a[i]-'a',b[i]-'a');
}
printf("%d\n",vct.size());
for(int i = 0; i < vct.size(); i ++){
printf("%c %c\n",vct[i].f+'a',vct[i].s+'a');
}
return 0;
}