LeetCode之48. Rotate Image

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.

Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

Note:

You have to rotate the image in-place, which means you have to modify the input 2D matrix directly. DO NOT allocate another 2D matrix and do the rotation.

Example 1:

Given input matrix = 
[
  [1,2,3],
  [4,5,6],
  [7,8,9]
],

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [7,4,1],
  [8,5,2],
  [9,6,3]
]

Example 2:

Given input matrix =
[
  [ 5, 1, 9,11],
  [ 2, 4, 8,10],
  [13, 3, 6, 7],
  [15,14,12,16]
], 

rotate the input matrix in-place such that it becomes:
[
  [15,13, 2, 5],
  [14, 3, 4, 1],
  [12, 6, 8, 9],
  [16, 7,10,11]
]

 

方法一：(java)

转置 + 左右对称翻转

The idea was firstly transpose the matrix and then flip it symmetrically. For instance,

 

1  2  3             
4  5  6
7  8  9

after transpose, it will be swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[j][i])

 

1  4  7
2  5  8
3  6  9

Then flip the matrix horizontally. (swap(matrix[i][j], matrix[i][matrix.length-1-j])

 

7  4  1
8  5  2
9  6  3

 

public class Solution {
    public void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
        for(int i = 0; i<matrix.length; i++){
            for(int j = i; j<matrix[0].length; j++){
                int temp = 0;
                temp = matrix[i][j];
                matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
                matrix[j][i] = temp;
            }
        }
        for(int i =0 ; i<matrix.length; i++){
            for(int j = 0; j<matrix.length/2; j++){
                int temp = 0;
                temp = matrix[i][j];
                matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][matrix.length-1-j];
                matrix[i][matrix.length-1-j] = temp;
            }
        }
    }
}

 

改进：

             把矩阵转置，矩阵左右水平对应翻转，提取出来：

public static void transposeMatrix(int[][] matrix) {
	for(int i = 0; i<matrix.length; i++){
		for(int j = i; j<matrix[0].length; j++){
			int temp = 0;
			temp = matrix[i][j];
			matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][i];
			matrix[j][i] = temp;
		}
	}
}

public static void flipHorizontally(int[][] matrix) {
	for(int i =0 ; i<matrix.length; i++){
		for(int j = 0; j<matrix.length/2; j++){
			int temp = 0;
			temp = matrix[i][j];
			matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][matrix.length-1-j];
			matrix[i][matrix.length-1-j] = temp;
		}
	}
}

public static void rotate(int[][] matrix) {
	transposeMatrix(matrix);
	flipHorizontally(matrix);
}

小结

          1） 一开始，已经看出了顺时针旋转90°后，矩阵元素的对应关系是：matrix[i][j] = matrix[j][length-1-j]

          2）当matrix[i][j]转置以后，就变成：matrix[j][i]

          3）matrix[j][i]，如何变成matrix[j][length-1-j]，就需要进行左右水平翻转

 

 

python:

Most Pythonic - [::-1] and zip - 44 ms

 

The most pythonic solution is a simple one-liner using [::-1] to flip the matrix upside down and then zip to transpose it. It assigns the result back into A, so it's "in-place" in a sense and the OJ accepts it as such, though some people might not.

class Solution:
    def rotate(self, A):
        A[:] = zip(*A[::-1])

旁注：

In [1]: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

In [2]: matrix
Out[2]: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

In [3]: matrix.reverse()

In [4]: matrix
Out[4]: [[7, 8, 9], [4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3]]

In [5]: matrix.reverse()

In [6]: matrix
Out[6]: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

In [8]: matrix[:] = matrix[::-1]

In [9]: matrix
Out[9]: [[7, 8, 9], [4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3]]

matrix.reverse()和matrix[:] = matrix[::-1]，作用都是上下对称翻转矩阵的；

 

In [12]: matrix
Out[12]: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

In [13]: matrix[:] = zip(*matrix[::-1])

In [14]: matrix
Out[14]: [(7, 4, 1), (8, 5, 2), (9, 6, 3)] -------  每一行都是一个tuple,而不再是一个list

In [20]: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

In [21]: matrix[:] = zip(*matrix[:])

In [22]: matrix
Out[22]: [(1, 4, 7), (2, 5, 8), (3, 6, 9)]

matrix[:] = zip(*matrix[::-1])，zip(*)用来对矩阵进行转置

 

While the OJ accepts the above solution, the the result rows are actually tuples, not lists, so it's a bit dirty. To fix this, we can just apply list to every row:

class Solution:
    def rotate(self, A):
        A[:] = map(list, zip(*A[::-1]))

In [23]: matrix = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

In [24]: matrix[:] = map(list, zip(*matrix[::-1]))

In [25]: matrix
Out[25]: [[7, 4, 1], [8, 5, 2], [9, 6, 3]]