MySQL主从同步原理+部署

最新推荐文章于 2014-11-08 20:20:57 发布

i_bruce

最新推荐文章于 2014-11-08 20:20:57 发布

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一.主从的作用：
1.可以当做一种备份方式
2.用来实现读写分离，缓解一个数据库的压力
二.MySQL主从备份原理
master  上提供binlog ,
slave    通过 I/O线程从 master拿取 binlog,并复制到slave的中继日志中
slave    通过 SQL线程从 slave的中继日志中读取binlog ,然后解析到slave中
部署主从环境：主服务器：192.168.1.110（编译好的MySQL5.1版本的数据库）
         从服务器：192.168.1.120（编译好的MySQL5.1版本的数据库）
（温馨提示：主和从数据库版本必须是一样。或者主库的数据库版本必须比从库高,不然会导致很多故障的发生。）
三：生产环境应用MySQL主从同步场景：
1. 一般用主库做为提供业务用户写操作（比如：在互联网上写一条微博，这时候就会写到mysql数据库的主库中）
2. 一般用从库做为提供业务用户读操作（比如：在互联网上，我想看一条微博，这时候里面提供数据就是MySQL数据库的从库中。）
(1)在主服务器（192.168.1.110）上操作。
[root@Andy  ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5E:6F:A7  
          inet addr:192.168.1.110  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5e:6fa7/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:141354 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:140807 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:142083379 (135.5 MiB)  TX bytes:17815696 (16.9 MiB)
          Interrupt:193 Base address:0x2000 
[root@Andy  ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]在mysqld下添加以上两行。
server-id = 1
log-bin= Andy -bin
[root@Andy  ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL[  OK  ]
Starting MySQL.[  OK  ]
[root@Andy ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.44 Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show master status;
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File               | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
|  Andy-bin.000001 |      106 |              |                  |
+--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
请记住：File里的Andy-bin.000001 和 Position 106 。
Mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'python'@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123456';
mysql> quit
Bye
在从服务器（192.168.1.120）上操作：
[root@Andy  ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:8E:D2  
          inet addr:192.168.1.120  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8ed2/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:180290 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:146169 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:223411069 (213.0 MiB)  TX bytes:15504427 (14.7 MiB)
          Interrupt:193 Base address:0x2000 
[root@Andy  ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 
把server-id       = 1 改为：server-id       = 2
然后重启Mysql服务：[root@Andy  ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
                   Shutting down MySQL........[  OK  ]
                   Starting MySQL.[  OK  ]
[root@Andy  ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.44 Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.110', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='python', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='  Andy-bin .000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.110
                  Master_User: python
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File:  Andy-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
               Relay_Log_File:  Andy-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 253
        Relay_Master_Log_File:  Andy-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
           Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
           Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
           Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106
              Relay_Log_Space: 410
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
如果：    Slave_IO_Running: Yes （主从I/O正确）
       Slave_SQL_Running: Yes（主从进程正确）

在这里出现了一个意外

Slave_IO_Running: Connecting

点击这里查看处理方式和思想 只提供一个思路，我在本地测试是因为防火墙的问题

（3）测试主从数据同步：在主服务器（192.168.1.110）上操作：
[root@Andy ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:5E:6F:A7  
          inet addr:192.168.1.110  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe5e:6fa7/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:142562 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:141697 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:142192520 (135.6 MiB)  TX bytes:17915582 (17.0 MiB)
          Interrupt:193 Base address:0x2000 
[root@Andy  ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.1.44-log Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database Andy ;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Andy                 |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use  Andy ;
Database changed
mysql> create table  Andy (id int(3),name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into  Andy  values (001,'imysql');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
(提示：我刚刚在主服务器上创建了一个Andy 数据库和表，我现在在从服务器上查看结果，是否有Andy数据库和表？)
在从服务器（192.168.1.120）上操作：
[root@Andy   ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:2B:8E:D2  
          inet addr:192.168.1.120  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2b:8ed2/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:180884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:146585 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:223461833 (213.1 MiB)  TX bytes:15555296 (14.8 MiB)
          Interrupt:193 Base address:0x2000 
[root@Andy   ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.44 Source distribution
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| Andy                 |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use  Andy ;
Database changed
mysql> select * from  Andy ;
+------+--------+
| id   | name   |
+------+--------+
|    1 | imysql |
+------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
（我擦，结果正确了，主从复制，同步成功。）

i_bruce

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MySQL主从同步原理+部署

一.主从的作用：1.可以当做一种备份方式2.用来实现读写分离，缓解一个数据库的压力二.MySQL主从备份原理master 上提供binlog ,slave 通过 I/O线程从 master拿取 binlog,并复制到slave的中继日志中slave 通过 SQL线程从 slave的中继日志中读取binlog ,然后解析到slave中部署主从环境：主服务器：192.168
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