mbed os是ARM以C++为主要开发语言的RTOS,提供Mbed Studio集成开发环境,支持很多开发板,屏蔽了底层驱动,给应用层提供统一的接口。楼主抽空体验了基于mbed os平台使用C++开发驱动程序, 测试使用stm32wb55驱动I2C接口的CO2、TVOC传感器SGP30,使用GPIO模拟I2C和硬件I2C两种方法实现。使用C++更加直观,可读性更强,封装性更强,更方便维护,尤其在多人协同开发优势更明显。
首先设计一个基类GPIO_I2C ,私有成员变量_scl_io和_sda_io用于操作GPIO,提供GPIO输入输出设置、上下拉设置、高低电平输出、读取输入电平等基本操作方法;然后设计一个SGP30类,继承自GPIO_I2C,提供SGP30初始化、序列号获取、传感器数据获取、软复位等方法。关于SGP30的寄存器和驱动时序本帖不再赘述,https://bbs.21ic.com/icview-3273394-1-1.html中有详细描述。头文件设计如下:
#ifndef MBED_SGP30_H
#define MBED_SGP30_H
#include "mbed.h"
//启用硬件I2C去掉注释,启用GPIO软件模拟模拟I2C保留注释
//#define HARD_I2C 1
//SGP30 I2C设备地址
#define SGP30_ADDR 0x58
//SGP30 I2C写地址
#define SGP30_ADDR_WRITE (SGP30_ADDR << 1) // 0xb0
//SGP30 I2C读地址
#define SGP30_ADDR_READ ((SGP30_ADDR << 1) + 1) // 0xb1
/* SGP30初始化空气质量测量寄存器 */
#deSGP30fine SGP30_CMD_INIT_AIR_QUALITY 0x2003
/* 开始空气质量测量寄存器 */
#define SGP30_CMD_MEASURE_AIR_QUALITY 0x2008
/* SGP30获取串号寄存器 */
#define SGP30_CMD_GET_SERIAL_ID 0X3682
//GPIO基类
class GPIO_I2C {
//公有成员
public:
GPIO_I2C(PinName scl, PinName sda);//构造函数
~GPIO_I2C();//析构函数
void SDA_SET_OUT();//设置SDA输出模式方法
void SDA_SET_IN();//设置SDA输入模式方法
void SGP30_SCK_L();//设置SCL输出低电平方法
void SGP30_SCK_H();//设置SCL输出高电平方法
void SGP30_SDA_L();//设置SDA输出低电平方法
void SGP30_SDA_H();//设置SDA输出高电平方法
int SGP30_READ_SDA();//读取SDA输入电平方法
void sgp30_delay_us(uint32_t us);//延时微秒方法
void sgp30_delay_ms(uint32_t nms);//延时毫秒方法
void IIC_Start(void);//I2C开始信号方法
void IIC_Stop(void);//I2C停止信号方法
uint8_t IIC_Wait_Ack(void);//I2C等待应答方法
void IIC_Ack(void);//I2C应答方法
void IIC_NAck(void);//I2C无应答方法
void IIC_Send_Byte(uint8_t txd);//I2C发送1字节数据方法
uint8_t IIC_Read_Byte(uint8_t ack);//I2C接收1字节数据方法
//私有成员
private:
DigitalOut *_scl_io;//scl操作对象指针成员变量
DigitalInOut *_sda_io;//sda操作对象指针成员变量
};
//SGP30对象继承自GPIO_I2C对象
class SGP30 : GPIO_I2C {
public:
SGP30(PinName scl, PinName sda);//构造函数
~SGP30();//析构函数
int sgp30_init(void);//SGP30初始化方法
int sgp30_read(uint16_t *CO2, uint16_t *TVOC);//SGP30读取传感器数据方法
int sgp30_get_serial_id(uint8_t id[6]);//SGP30读取序列化方法
int sgp30_soft_reset(void);//SGP30软复位方法
private:
#ifdef HARD_I2C
I2C *_i2c;//硬件I2C对象指针
#endif
int sgp30_iic_write(uint8_t addr, const uint8_t* buf, uint32_t len);//SGP30 I2C写数据方法
int sgp30_iic_read(uint8_t addr, uint8_t* buf, uint32_t len);//SGP30 I2C读数据方法
uint8_t sgp30_checksum(const uint8_t* buf, uint32_t len);//SGP30和校验方法
};
#endif
cpp文件实现各个成员函数和构造函数:
#include "SGP30.h"
void GPIO_I2C::SGP30_SCK_L() { _scl_io->write(0); }
void GPIO_I2C::SGP30_SCK_H() { _scl_io->write(1); }
void GPIO_I2C::SGP30_SDA_L() { _sda_io->write(0); }
void GPIO_I2C::SGP30_SDA_H() { _sda_io->write(1); }
int GPIO_I2C::SGP30_READ_SDA() {
if (_sda_io->read() == 1)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
//构造函数
GPIO_I2C::GPIO_I2C(PinName scl, PinName sda) {
#ifndef HARD_I2C
printf("i2c use %d for scl,%d for sda\r\n", scl, sda);
//scl对象指针实例化
_scl_io = new DigitalOut(scl);
//sda对象指针实例化
_sda_io = new DigitalInOut(sda);
//设置sda输出模式
_sda_io->output();
//拉高时钟引脚
_scl_io->write(1);
//拉高数据引脚
_sda_io->write(1);
#endif
}
//析构函数
GPIO_I2C::~GPIO_I2C() {
//释放资源
#ifndef HARD_I2C
delete _scl_io;
delete _sda_io;
#endif
}
//设置SDA输出模式方法
void GPIO_I2C::SDA_SET_OUT() {
//设置SDA输出模式
_sda_io->output();
//设置SDA输出低电平
_sda_io->write(0);
}
//设置SDA输入模式方法
void GPIO_I2C::SDA_SET_IN() {
//设置SDA无上、下拉
_sda_io->mode(PullNone);
//设置SDA输入模式
_sda_io->input();
}
void GPIO_I2C::sgp30_delay_us(uint32_t us) { wait_us(us); }
void GPIO_I2C::sgp30_delay_ms(uint32_t nms) { wait_ms(nms); }
void GPIO_I2C::IIC_Start(void) {
SDA_SET_OUT();
SGP30_SDA_H();
SGP30_SCK_H();
sgp30_delay_us(5);
SGP30_SDA_L(); // START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
sgp30_delay_us(6);
SGP30_SCK_L();
}
void GPIO_I2C::IIC_Stop(void) {
SDA_SET_OUT();
SGP30_SCK_L();
SGP30_SDA_L(); // STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
SGP30_SCK_H();
sgp30_delay_us(6);
SGP30_SDA_H();
sgp30_delay_us(6);
}
uint8_t GPIO_I2C::IIC_Wait_Ack(void) {
uint16_t tempTime = 0;
SGP30_SDA_H();
sgp30_delay_us(1);
SDA_SET_IN();
SGP30_SCK_H();
sgp30_delay_us(1);
while (SGP30_READ_SDA()) {
tempTime++;
wait_ms(10);
if (tempTime > 250) {
IIC_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
SGP30_SCK_L();
return 0;
}
void GPIO_I2C::IIC_Ack(void) {
SGP30_SCK_L();
SDA_SET_OUT();
SGP30_SDA_L();
sgp30_delay_us(2);
SGP30_SCK_H();
sgp30_delay_us(5);
SGP30_SCK_L();
}
void GPIO_I2C::IIC_NAck(void) {
SGP30_SCK_L();
SDA_SET_OUT();
SGP30_SDA_H();
sgp30_delay_us(2);
SGP30_SCK_H();
sgp30_delay_us(5);
SGP30_SCK_L();
}
void GPIO_I2C::IIC_Send_Byte(uint8_t txd) {
uint8_t t;
SDA_SET_OUT();
SGP30_SCK_L();
for (t = 0; t < 8; t++) {
if ((txd & 0x80) > 0) // 0x80 1000 0000
SGP30_SDA_H();
else
SGP30_SDA_L();
txd <<= 1;
sgp30_delay_us(2);
SGP30_SCK_H();
sgp30_delay_us(2);
SGP30_SCK_L();
sgp30_delay_us(2);
}
}
uint8_t GPIO_I2C::IIC_Read_Byte(uint8_t ack) {
uint8_t i, receive = 0;
SDA_SET_IN();
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
SGP30_SCK_L();
sgp30_delay_us(2);
SGP30_SCK_H();
receive <<= 1;
if (SGP30_READ_SDA())
receive++;
sgp30_delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack)
IIC_NAck();
else
IIC_Ack();
return receive;
}
SGP30::SGP30(PinName scl, PinName sda) : GPIO_I2C(scl, sda) {
#ifdef HARD_I2C
_i2c = new I2C(I2C_SDA, I2C_SCL);
_i2c->frequency(100000);
#endif
}
SGP30::~SGP30() {}
int SGP30::sgp30_iic_write(uint8_t addr, const uint8_t *buf, uint32_t len) {
#ifdef HARD_I2C
//_i2c->write(addr, buf, len,false);
_i2c->write((int)addr, (char *)buf, (int)len, false);
return 0;
#else
int i;
IIC_Start();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
IIC_Send_Byte(buf[i]);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
}
IIC_Stop();
return 0;
#endif
}
int SGP30::sgp30_iic_read(uint8_t addr, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t len) {
#ifdef HARD_I2C
_i2c->read((int)addr, (char *)buf, (int)len, false);
#else
int i;
IIC_Start();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
buf[i] = IIC_Read_Byte(1);
}
buf[i] = IIC_Read_Byte(0); // SGP30接收数据时候的最后一个字节不需要等待ACK
IIC_Stop();
#endif
return 0;
}
int SGP30::sgp30_get_serial_id(uint8_t id[6]) {
uint8_t buf[32];
uint8_t crc[3];
buf[0] = (SGP30_CMD_GET_SERIAL_ID & 0XFF00) >> 8;
buf[1] = (SGP30_CMD_GET_SERIAL_ID & 0X00FF);
if (sgp30_iic_write(SGP30_ADDR_WRITE, buf, 2) < 0)
return -1;
if (sgp30_iic_read(SGP30_ADDR_READ, buf, 9) < 0)
return -2;
crc[0] = buf[2];
crc[1] = buf[5];
crc[2] = buf[8];
id[0] = buf[0];
id[1] = buf[1];
id[2] = buf[3];
id[3] = buf[4];
id[4] = buf[6];
id[5] = buf[7];
if (sgp30_checksum(&id[0], 2) != crc[0] ||
sgp30_checksum(&id[2], 2) != crc[1] ||
sgp30_checksum(&id[4], 2) != crc[2])
return -3;
return 0;
}
uint8_t SGP30::sgp30_checksum(const uint8_t *buf, uint32_t len) {
const uint8_t Polynomial = 0x31;
uint8_t Initialization = 0XFF;
uint8_t i = 0, k = 0;
while (i < len) {
Initialization ^= buf[i++];
for (k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
if (Initialization & 0X80)
Initialization = (Initialization << 1) ^ Polynomial;
else
Initialization = (Initialization << 1);
}
}
return Initialization;
}
int SGP30::sgp30_soft_reset(void) {
uint8_t cmd = 0X06;
return sgp30_iic_write(0X00, &cmd, 1);
}
int SGP30::sgp30_init(void) {
uint8_t buf[2];
// 软件复位
if (sgp30_soft_reset() < 0)
return -2;
// 等待复位完成
sgp30_delay_ms(50);
buf[0] = (SGP30_CMD_INIT_AIR_QUALITY & 0XFF00) >> 8;
buf[1] = (SGP30_CMD_INIT_AIR_QUALITY & 0X00FF);
// 初始化控制测量参数
if (sgp30_iic_write(SGP30_ADDR_WRITE, buf, 2) < 0)
return -3;
printf("sgp30 init end\r\n");
return 0;
}
int SGP30::sgp30_read(uint16_t *CO2, uint16_t *TVOC) {
uint8_t buf[8] = {0};
buf[0] = (SGP30_CMD_MEASURE_AIR_QUALITY & 0XFF00) >> 8;
buf[1] = (SGP30_CMD_MEASURE_AIR_QUALITY & 0X00FF);
// 启动空气质量测量
if (sgp30_iic_write(SGP30_ADDR_WRITE, buf, 2) < 0)
return -1;
// 等待测量完成
sgp30_delay_ms(1000);
// 读取收到的数据
if (sgp30_iic_read(SGP30_ADDR_READ, buf, 6) < 0)
return -2;
// 校验CRC
if (sgp30_checksum(&buf[3], 2) != buf[5])
return -3;
if (CO2 != NULL)
*CO2 = (buf[0] << 8) | buf[1];
if (TVOC != NULL)
*TVOC = (buf[3] << 8) | buf[4];
return 0;
}
工作线程sgp30_work_thread设计如下,首先new一个SGP30对象,然后调用初始化方法,读取序列号,读取传感器数据:
void sgp30_work_thread() {
int ret;
SGP30 *sgp30 = new SGP30(I2C_SCL, I2C_SDA);
DigitalOut led1(LED1);
uint16_t TVOC = 0, CO2 = 0;
uint8_t ID[6] = {0};
while (sgp30->sgp30_init() < 0) {
printf(" sgp30 init fail\r\n");
wait_ms(1000);
}
if (sgp30->sgp30_get_serial_id(ID) < 0) {
printf(" sgp30 read serial id failed\r\n");
} else {
printf("SGP30 Serial number: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
printf("%02X", ID[i]);
printf("\r\n");
}
printf("sgp30 wait air for init");
fflush(stdout);
do {
ret = sgp30->sgp30_read(&CO2, &TVOC);
if (ret < 0) {
printf("SGP30 read failed,ret=%d\r\n", ret);
} else {
printf("-");
fflush(stdout);
}
} while (TVOC == 0 && CO2 == 400);
printf("\r\n");
while (true) {
ret = sgp30->sgp30_read(&CO2, &TVOC);
if (ret < 0) {
printf(" sgp30 read fail,ret=%d\r\n", ret);
} else {
printf("CO2:%5dppm TVOC:%5dppb\r\n", CO2, TVOC);
}
led1 = !led1;
ThisThread::sleep_for(1000);
}
}
编译结果:STM32WB55拥有1 MB flash,256 KB SRAM,运行C++写的RTOS+蓝牙协议栈毫无压力。
Mbed Studio界面类似vscode,智能提示、自动补全等功能十分完善,代码编辑体验吊打自家的KEIL MDK。
连接stm32wb55开发板运行运行结果:
总结:从编译出的二进制文件大小,RAM使用情况,运行速度可以看出,使用C++开发并不会造成资源消耗过大的情况(主要看交叉编译器的性能),且C++能够和C混合编程,能显著的提高C在处理面向对象类问题上开发效率不足的缺点,尤其是在处理复杂一点的通信协议上如加解密,往往能达到事半功倍的效果。
然而主大多数MCU的flash容量在32KB~2MB左右,SRAM通常低于1MB(不考虑外部扩展),这样就限制C++中的STL模板,运行时多态等会造成内存“爆炸”的高级特性无法使用,如果我们只使用支持class的C++,这样就不必利用C结构体+函数指针的写法来实现面向对象的特性。:
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作者:dql2015
链接:https://bbs.21ic.com/icview-3278652-1-1.html
来源:21ic.com
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