Spring之六 在Web环境中使用Spring

方法一：实现ServletContextListener

1 web.xml

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
		<context-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>applicationContext.xml</param-value>
		</context-param>
		<listener>
			<listener-class>com.ithings.listensers.SpringServletContextListener</listener-class>
		</listener>
		<servlet>
			<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
			<servlet-class>com.ithings.servlets.TestServlet</servlet-class>
		</servlet>
		<servlet-mapping>
			<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
			<url-pattern>/TestServlet</url-pattern>
		</servlet-mapping>
	</web-app>

2 初始化IOC容器

ServletContextListener 的 contextInitialized方法中初始化

	public class SpringServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener{
		@Override
		public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
			//获取Spring配置文件的地址
			ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
			String config = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
			
			//创建IOC容器
			ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(config);
			//将IOC容器放入ServletContext的一个属性中
			servletContext.setAttribute("ApplicationContext", applicationContext);
		}

		@Override
		public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
		}
	}

3 Servlet中使用IOC容器获取bean

	public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
			//从application中获取IOC容器的引用
			ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
			ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("ApplicationContext");
			
			//从IOC容器中得到需要的bean
			Employees employees = (Employees) applicationContext.getBean("employees");
			System.out.println(employees.getUid());
			System.out.println(employees.getUname());
		}
	}

方法二：实现ClassLoaderListener

1 web.xml

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
		<!-- 配置spring配置文件的名称和位置 -->
		<context-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
		</context-param>
		
		<!-- 启动IOC容器的ServletContextListener -->
		<listener>
			<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
		</listener>
		<servlet>
			<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
			<servlet-class>com.ithings.servlets.TestServlet</servlet-class>
		</servlet>
		<servlet-mapping>
			<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
			<url-pattern>/TestServlet</url-pattern>
		</servlet-mapping>
	</web-app>

2 初始化IOC容器

ContextLoaderListener类代做

3 Servlet中使用IOC容器获取bean

	public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
		protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
			//从application域中获取IOC容器的实例
			ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
			ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext)WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
			
			//从IOC容器中得到需要的bean
			Employees employees = (Employees) applicationContext.getBean("employees");
			System.out.println(employees.getUid());
			System.out.println(employees.getUname());
		}
	}

-------------------------   创建SpringContextUtil类获取bean------------------------------------------

1.实现ApplicationContextAware

	public class SpringContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware {
		protected static ApplicationContext applicationContext;
		
		@Override
		public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ac) throws BeansException {
			applicationContext = ac;
		}
		
		public static Object getBean(Class<?> clazz){
			return applicationContext.getBean(clazz);
		}
		
		public static Object getBean(String beanName){
			return applicationContext.getBean(beanName);
		}
	}

2.applicationContext.xml中注册这个bean

	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
	<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
			   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
			   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
			   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
			   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

			   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
				  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.0.RELEASE.xsd
				  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.0.RELEASE.xsd
				  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.0.RELEASE.xsd
		">
		
		 <!--自动扫描-->	<pre name="code" class="html">                 <context:component-scan base-package="com.ithings.beans"></context:component-scan>

<!--注册SpringContextUtil--> <bean class="com.ithings.utils.SpringContextUtil"/></span></beans>

3.Servlet中的代码改写为

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws ServletException, IOException {
		//从IOC容器中得到需要的bean
		Employees employees = (Employees) SpringContextUtil.getBean("employees");
		System.out.println(employees.getUid());
		System.out.println(employees.getUname());
    }

-------------------------   转载：contextParam详解------------------------------------------

<context-param>  
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
<param-value>contextConfigLocationValue></param-value>  
</context-param> 

作用：该元素用来声明应用范围(整个WEB项目)内的上下文初始化参数。

param-name 设定上下文的参数名称。必须是唯一名称

param-value 设定的参数名称的值

• 初始化过程：

1. 1. 在启动Web项目时，容器(比如Tomcat)会读web.xml配置文件中的两个节点<listener>和<contex-param>。
   2. 接着容器会创建一个ServletContext(上下文),应用范围内即整个WEB项目都能使用这个上下文。
   3. 接着容器会将读取到<context-param>转化为键值对,并交给ServletContext。
   4. 容器创建<listener></listener>中的类实例,即创建监听（备注：listener定义的类可以是自定义的类但必须需要继承ServletContextListener）。
   5. 在监听的类中会有一个contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event)初始化方法，在这个方法中可以通过event.getServletContext().getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation") 来得到context-param 设定的值。在这个类中还必须有一个contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) 销毁方法.用于关闭应用前释放资源，比如说数据库连接的关闭。
      
   6. 得到这个context-param的值之后,你就可以做一些操作了.注意,这个时候你的WEB项目还没有完全启动完成.这个动作会比所有的Servlet都要早。

              由上面的初始化过程可知容器对于web.xml的加载过程是context-param >> listener  >> fileter  >> servlet