Java初学笔记--面向对象3（上）

一、多态：即多种状态
向上造型/自动类型转换：
1.超类型的引用指向派生类的对象
2.能点出来什么，看引用的类型-----这是规定
重写方法被调用的时候看后边的对象
向下造型/强制类型转换，成功的条件只有两种：
1.引用所指向的对象，就是该类型
2.引用所指向的对象，实现了该接口或继承了该类
强转时若不符合如上条件，会发生C  lassCastException类型转换异常
建议：在强转之前先通过instanceof来判断引用的对象是否是该类型
注意：instanceof返回boolean结果，它为true的条件就是强转成功的条件
何时需要强转：若想访问的属性/行为在超类中没有，则需要强制类型转换
 

public abstract class Animal {
         String name;
         int age;
         String color;
         Animal(String name,int age,String color){
             this.name = name;
             this.age = age;
             this.color = color;
         }
     
         void drink(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的"+name+"正在喝水...");
         }
         abstract void eat();
     }
     public interface Swim {
         /** 游泳 */
         void swim();
     }
     public class Dog extends Animal implements Swim {
         Dog(String name,int age,String color){
             super(name,age,color);
         }
     
         void lookHome(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的狗狗"+name+"正在看家...");
         }
         void eat(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的狗狗"+name+"正在吃肯头...");
         }
         public void swim(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的狗狗"+name+"正在游泳...");
         }
     }
     public class Fish extends Animal implements Swim {
         Fish(String name,int age,String color){
             super(name,age,color);
         }
     
         void eat(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的小鱼"+name+"正在吃小虾...");
         }
         public void swim(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的小鱼"+name+"正在游泳...");
         }
     }
     public class Chick extends Animal {
         Chick(String name,int age,String color){
             super(name,age,color);
         }
         void layEggs(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的小鸡"+name+"正在下蛋...");
         }
         void eat(){
             System.out.println(color+"色的"+age+"岁的小鸡"+name+"正在吃小米...");
         }
     }
     public class Master {
         void feed(Animal animal){ //喂动物
             animal.eat();
         }
     }

package ooday04;
     /**
      * 演示多态
      */
     public class Test {
         public static void main(String[] args) {
             /*
             Animal o = new Dog("小黑",2,"黑"); //向上造型
             Dog g = (Dog)o;   //引用o所指向的对象，就是Dog类型
             Swim s = (Swim)o; //引用o所指向的对象，实现了Swim接口
             //Fish f = (Fish)o; //运行时会发生ClassCastException类型转换异常
     
             System.out.println(o instanceof Dog);  //true
             System.out.println(o instanceof Swim); //true
             System.out.println(o instanceof Fish); //false
             */
     
             /*
             Animal o1 = new Dog("小黑",2,"黑");
             //o1能强转为:Dog,Swim,Animal
     
             Animal o2 = new Fish("小黑",2,"黑");
             //o2能强转为:Fish,Swim,Animal
     
             Animal o3 = new Chick("小黑",2,"黑");
             //o3能强转为:Chick,Animal
             */
     
             /*
             //演示向上造型(多态)的第2点应用:
             Master master = new Master();
             Dog dog = new Dog("小黑",2,"黑");
             Chick chick = new Chick("小花",3,"花");
             Fish fish = new Fish("小金",1,"金");
             master.feed(dog); //在传参的同时，系统自动做了向上造型
             master.feed(chick);
             master.feed(fish);
             */
     
             //演示向上造型(多态)的第1点应用:
             //Animal o = new Animal(); //编译错误，抽象类不能被实例化
             Animal[] animals = new Animal[5];
             animals[0] = new Dog("小黑",2,"黑"); //向上造型
             animals[1] = new Dog("小白",1,"白");
             animals[2] = new Fish("小金",1,"金");
             animals[3] = new Fish("小花",2,"花");
             animals[4] = new Chick("小灰",3,"灰");
             for(int i=0;i<animals.length;i++){ //遍历所有动物
                 System.out.println(animals[i].name); //输出每个动物的名字
                 animals[i].eat();   //每个动物吃饭
                 animals[i].drink(); //每个动物喝水
     
                 if(animals[i] instanceof Dog){
                     Dog dog = (Dog)animals[i];
                     dog.lookHome();
                 }
                 if(animals[i] instanceof Chick){
                     Chick chick = (Chick)animals[i];
                     chick.layEggs();
                 }
                 if(animals[i] instanceof Swim){ //适用于所有实现Swim接口的(会游泳的)
                     Swim s = (Swim)animals[i];
                     s.swim();
                 }
             }
         }
     }