null
null is usually considered a special value of object type, a value that represents no object.
When a variable holds the value null, you know that it does not containavalidobject, array, number, string or boolean vlue.
Boolean context-->false; numeric context-->0; string context-->"null"
undefined
undefined is returned
1. Use a variable that has been declared but never had a value assigned to it
2. An object property that does not exist
Difference between null and undefined
Note that this special undefined value is not the same as null
| undefined==null //true type of null //object type of undefined //undefined type of xyz //undefined (define, but not assign) alert(abcd) // (even not define), cause error, type of abcd //undefined (even not define), only typeof won’t cause declaring a globle variable abcd=’my new value’ // (even not define), assigning a value to it causes declaring a global variable instead of an error type of objValue // undefined (var objValue) type of objValue // object (var objValue = null;) |
| Although you can get away with not using the var statement when you write code in the global scope, you must always use var to declare local variables. scope = "global"; // Declare a global variable,even without var function checkscope( ) { scope = "local"; // Oops! We just changed the global variable document.write(scope); // Uses the global variable myscope = "local"; // This implicitly declares an new global variable document.write(myscope);// Uses the new global variable } |
| var j = 100; function test(o) { if (typeof o == "object") { var j = 0; // j is defined everywhere, not just block } document.write(j); // j is defined, but may not be initialized } test(null): 0, because null is object type, and the declared j is assignted 0 test(undefined): undefined, because undefined is undefined type not object type, and wedeclared j in the block, but we do not assign value to it |
Assigning a value to an undeclared variable does not cause an error; instead, it implicitly declares the variable in the global scope.
There are two different kinds of undefined variables
一. Never been declared
Assume u is never declared
Reading the value of it causes a runtime error, because it simply does not exist
alert(u); // Reading the value of u which never been declared causes an error
Assigning a value to it causes declaring a global variable instead of an error
u = 3; // Assigning a value to an undeclared variable creates the a global variable.
二. Declared but never been assigned
Reading the value of it, you obtain its default value, undefined
You can demo it by the following code:
<html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function demoUndefinedAndNull(){
alert("1. First section");
alert(undefined==null); //true
alert(typeof null); //object
alert(typeof undefined); //undefined
alert(null); //null
alert(undefined); //undefined
alert("2. Second section");
assignCauseDeclareGlobalVar="my new value"; //(even not define),
// assigning a
// value to it causes DECLARING
// a global variable instead of an error
alert(assignCauseDeclareGlobalVar); //my new value
alert("3. Third section");
// alert(myNotDefineVariable);//(even not define), cause error
alert(typeof abcd); //undefined (even not define),
// only typeof WON'T cause declaring a globle variable
// alert(abcd); //(even not define), cause error
alert("4. Forth section");
var objValue1;
alert(typeof objValue1);//undefined (define, but not assign)
alert(objValue1);//undefined
var objValue2 = null;
alert(typeof objValue2);//object (an assigned local variable)
alert(objValue2);//null
var objValue3 = "This is objValue3 value";
alert(typeof objValue3);//string (an assigned local variable)
alert(objValue3);//This is objValue3 value
var objValue4 = 123.090;
alert(typeof objValue4);//number (an assigned local variable)
alert(objValue4);//123.09
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="button" name="demojavascript" value="Demo undefined and null"
οnclick="demoUndefinedAndNull();"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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