圈检测算法 Circle Detection Algorithms
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floyd%27s_cycle-finding_algorithm#Tortoise_and_hare
Floyd's cycle-finding algorithm ("tortoise and the hare" algorithm)
Brent's algorithm
分解质因数的算法
1.素数表
2.Pollard's rho method
3.Pollard's p - 1 method
4.Lenstra's elliptic curve factorization method
5.The quadratic sieve factorization method