For Debian/Ubuntu:
Python 2
sudo apt-get install python-imaging python-pil.imagetk
Python 3
sudo apt-get install python3-pil python3-pil.imagetk
For Archlinux:
sudo pacman -S python-pillow
Python 2
sudo apt-get install python-imaging python-pil.imagetk
Python 3
sudo apt-get install python3-pil python3-pil.imagetk
sudo pacman -S python-pillow