Semaphore
一个计数信号量。从概念上讲,信号量维护了一个许可集。如有必要,在许可可用前会阻塞每一个 acquire(),然后再获取该许可。每个 release() 添加一个许可,从而可能释放一个正在阻塞的获取者。但是,不使用实际的许可对象,Semaphore 只对可用许可的号码进行计数,并采取相应的行动。
Semaphore 通常用于限制可以访问某些资源(物理或逻辑的)的线程数目。
控制线程进入方法
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
class MyThread extends Thread {
private Semaphore semaphore;
public MyThread(String name, Semaphore semaphore) {
super(name);
this.semaphore = semaphore;
}
public void run() {
int count = 3;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " trying to acquire");
try {
semaphore.acquire(count);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " acquire successfully");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
semaphore.release(count);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " release successfully");
}
}
}
public class SemaphoreDemo {
public final static int SEM_SIZE = 10;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(SEM_SIZE);
MyThread t1 = new MyThread("t1", semaphore);
MyThread t2 = new MyThread("t2", semaphore);
t1.start();
t2.start();
int permits = 5;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " trying to acquire");
try {
semaphore.acquire(permits);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " acquire successfully");
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
semaphore.release();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " release successfully");
}
}
}
源码分析
Semaphore通过自定义的同步器维护了一个或多个共享资源,线程通过调用acquire获取共享资源,通过调用release释放,它是一个共享锁。
acquire函数
此方法从信号量获取一个(多个)许可,在提供一个许可前一直将线程阻塞,或者线程被中断,其源码如下
public void acquire() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
该方法中将会调用Sync对象的acquireSharedInterruptibly(从AQS继承而来的方法)方法,最终可以获取大致的方法调用序列(假设使用非公平策略)。如下图所示。
release函数
此方法释放一个(多个)许可,将其返回给信号量,源码如下。
public void release() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}