第一行代码-第二版（郭霖著）笔记九（网络技术）

jacknoe

于 2022-07-26 23:02:37 发布

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分类专栏： Android 文章标签： android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ifiwerehp/article/details/125984476

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一、WebView的用法

二、使用HTTP协议访问网络

1.使用HttpURLConnection

一、WebView的用法

如何在应用程序中展示一些网页：

1.修改activity_main.xml中的代码

    <WebView
        android:id="@+id/web_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        />

2.修改MainActivity中的代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        WebView webView = findViewById(R.id.web_view);
        //设置WebView支持JavaScript脚本
        webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
        //当需要从一个网页跳转到另一个网页时，目标网页仍然在当前WebView中展示，而不是打开系统浏览器
        webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());
        webView.loadUrl("https://www.baidu.com");
    }
}

3.修改AndroidManifest.xml文件

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

二、使用HTTP协议访问网络

1.使用HttpURLConnection

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send_request"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Send Request"
        />

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        >
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/response_text"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            />

    </ScrollView>

</LinearLayout>

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private TextView responseText;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendRequest = findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        responseText = findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (view.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
            sendRequestWithHttpUrlConnection();
        }

    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpUrlConnection() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                BufferedReader reader = null;
                URL url = null;
                try {
                    url = new URL("https://www.baidu.com");
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    //设置连接超时毫秒数
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    //设置读取超时毫秒数
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    //获取服务器返回的输入流
                    InputStream stream = connection.getInputStream();
                    reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
                    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        builder.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(builder.toString());
                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    if (reader != null) {
                        try {
                            reader.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (connection != null) {
                        //将HTTP连接关掉
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void showResponse(String response) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                responseText.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.使用OkHttp

首先在项目中添加OkHttp库的依赖：

implementation("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.1")

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    ...

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (view.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
            sendRequestWithOkHttp();
        }
    }

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url("https://www.baidu.com")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String s = response.body().string();
                    showResponse(s);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    ...
}

三、解析XML格式数据

1.Pull解析方式

需要使用模拟器测试

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    ...

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            //指定访问的服务器地址是计算机本机，10.0.2.2对于模拟器来说就是计算机本机的IP地址
                            .url("http://10.0.2.2/get_data.xml")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String s = response.body().string();
                    parseXmlWithPull(s);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void parseXmlWithPull(String xmlData) {
        XmlPullParserFactory factory = null;
        try {
            factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
            XmlPullParser parser = factory.newPullParser();
            parser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
            int type = parser.getEventType();
            String id = null;
            String name = null;
            String version = null;
            while (type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                String nodeName = parser.getName();
                switch (type) {
                    case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
                        if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
                            id = parser.nextText();
                        } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
                            name = parser.nextText();
                        } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
                            version = parser.nextText();
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
                        if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
                            Log.d("TAG", "id is " + id);
                            Log.d("TAG", "name is " + name);
                            Log.d("TAG", "version is " + version);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                type = parser.next();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    ...
}

从Android 9.0系统开始，应用程序默认只允许使用HTTPS类型的网络请求，HTTP类型的网络请求因为有安全隐患默认不再被支持，而我们搭建的Apache服务器现在使用的就是HTTP。

那么为了能让程序使用HTTP，我们还要进行如下配置才可以。右击res目录→New→Directory，创建一个xml目录，接着右击xml目录→New→File，创建一个network_config.xml文件。然后修改network_config.xml文件中的内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
    <base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true">
        <trust-anchors>
            <certificates src="system" />
        </trust-anchors>
    </base-config>
</network-security-config>

这段配置文件的意思就是允许我们以明文的方式在网络上传输数据，而HTTP使用的就是明文传输方式。

接下来修改AndroidManifest.xml中的代码来启用我们刚才创建的配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.jack.webviewtest">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.WebViewTest"
        android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_config"
        >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

2.SAX解析方式

public class ContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {

    private String nodeName;
    private StringBuilder id;
    private StringBuilder name;
    private StringBuilder version;
    
    //开始XML解析的时候调用
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        id = new StringBuilder();
        name = new StringBuilder();
        version = new StringBuilder();
    }

    //开始解析某个节点的时候调用
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        nodeName = localName;
//        Log.d("TAG", "uri is "+uri);
//        Log.d("TAG", "localName is "+localName);
//        Log.d("TAG", "qName is "+qName);
//        Log.d("TAG", "attributes is "+attributes);
    }

    //获取节点内容的时候调用
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
            id.append(ch, start, length);
        } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
            name.append(ch, start, length);
        } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
            version.append(ch, start, length);
        }
    }

    //完成解析某个节点的时候调用
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        if ("app".equals(localName)) {
            //trim()不仅可以去掉空格，还能去掉其他一些多余的符号https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/9668427.html
            Log.d("TAG", "id is " + id.toString().trim());
            Log.d("TAG", "name is " + name.toString().trim());
            Log.d("TAG", "version is " + version.toString().trim());
            id.setLength(0);
            name.setLength(0);
            version.setLength(0);
        }
    }

    //完成整个XML解析的时候调用
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.endDocument();
    }
}

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    ...

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url("http://10.0.2.2/get_data.xml")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String s = response.body().string();
                    parseXmlWithSax(s);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void parseXmlWithSax(String xmlData) {
        try {
            SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            XMLReader reader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
            ContentHandler handler = new ContentHandler();
            reader.setContentHandler(handler);
            reader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    ...
}

四、解析JSON格式数据

1.使用JSONObject

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    ...

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url("http://10.0.2.2/get_data.json")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String s = response.body().string();
                    parseJSONWithJSONObject(s);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String dataJSON) {
        try {
            JSONArray array = new JSONArray(dataJSON);
            for (int i = 0; i < array.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject object = array.getJSONObject(i);
                String id = object.getString("id");
                String name = object.getString("name");
                String version = object.getString("version");
                Log.d("TAG", "id is "+id);
                Log.d("TAG", "name is "+name);
                Log.d("TAG", "version is "+version);
            }
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    ...
}

2.使用GSON

添加GSON依赖：

implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.7'

新建一个JavaBean

public class App {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private String version;

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getVersion() {
        return version;
    }

    public void setVersion(String version) {
        this.version = version;
    }
}

修改MainActivity代码

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    ...

    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp() {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request = new Request.Builder()
                            .url("http://10.0.2.2/get_data.json")
                            .build();
                    Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                    String s = response.body().string();
                    parseJSONWithGson(s);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    private void parseJSONWithGson(String dataJSON) {
        Gson gson = new Gson();
        List<App> appList = gson.fromJson(dataJSON, new TypeToken<List<App>>() {}.getType());
        for(App app:appList){
            Log.d("TAG", "id is :"+app.getId());
            Log.d("TAG", "name is :"+app.getName());
            Log.d("TAG", "version is :"+app.getVersion());
        }
    }

    ...
}

完！