[py]基础数据类型

传递字典到字符串

infor={'name':'maming','age':22}
msg_format="%(name)s---%(age)d"
print msg_format%(infor)

os.walk

for i in []:
    print '不输出'

for i in '':
    print '不输出'

for i in ' ':
    print '输出'

举个栗子：

C:\LOGS
├─app01
│  └─app01-L2
├─app02
└─app03

0,输出root,观察怎麼walk的

import os
for root,dirs,file in os.walk("c:/logs"):
    print root

c:/logs
c:/logs\app01
c:/logs\app01\app01-L2
c:/logs\app02
c:/logs\app03

1,输出dir

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("C:/logs"):
    print dirs


['app01', 'app02', 'app03']
['app01-L2']
[]
[]
[]

2，输出所有层次目录和子目录：

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("C:/logs"):
    # #输出目录路径
    for name in dirs:
        # print name
        print(os.path.join(root, name))


C:/logs\app01
C:/logs\app02
C:/logs\app03
C:/logs\app01\app01-L2

logs
├── access.log
├── app01
│   ├── app01-L2
│   └── app01.log
├── app02
│   └── app02.log
└── app03

3,输出files

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("C:/logs"):
    print files


['access.log']
['app01.log']
[]
['app02.log']
[]

4，输出文件路径

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("C:/logs"):
    print dirs
    #输出文件目录下文件路径
    for name in files:
        print(os.path.join(root, name))
 
C:/logs\access.log
C:/logs\app01\app01.log
C:/logs\app02\app02.log

os获取环境变量，os 增删改查文件

os.getenv(“HOSTNAME”)
os.remove os.removedirs
os.mkdir os.rmdir
os.path.isdir  os.path.isfile  os.path.exists()
获取路径名：os.path.dirname()
获取文件名：os.path.basename()
运行shell命令: os.system()
读取和设置环境变量:os.getenv() 与os.putenv()

函数
1，传元组

def fun(name,age):
    print "name:%s age:%s"%(name,age)


# t=('lanny',24)
t=(24,'lanny')
fun(*t)


name:24 age:lanny

2，传字典(无序的)

def fun(name,age):
    print "name:%s age:%s"%(name,age)


dic={"name":"lanny","age":24}
fun(**dic)


举个栗子：
db_config = {
    'host' : 'localhost',
    'user' : 'root',
    'passwd' : 'zhuima',
    'charset' : 'utf8',
    'db': 'txl',
}


conn = MySQLdb.connect(**db_config)

3,传任意多个参数-元组

def fun(*l):
    print l


fun(1,2,3)


(1, 2, 3)

3，传任意多参数-字典

def fun(**dic):
    print dic
   
fun(jack=1,mark=2)


{'jack': 1, 'mark': 2}

4，

def fun(*l,**dic):
    print l,dic
   
fun(18706773935,jack=1,mark=2)

字典形式传参

import time
import os

TIME_FORMAT="%b %d %Y %H:%M:%S"
now = time.strftime(TIME_FORMAT, time.localtime())
data="this is data"

MSG_FORMAT="%(now)s - %(data)s\n\n"
msg = MSG_FORMAT % dict(now=now, data=data)
print msg
print msg
print msg

函数:

def fun():
    print 'hello, fun'
    return 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    astr=fun()
    if astr:
        print 'hello'

时间日期
1,

import time
print time.ctime()
print time.time()


Sat May 06 10:39:21 2017
1408066927.208922

2,

import time
print time.strftime("%Y%m%d")
# time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')


20170506

3,

import time
def t():
    start=time.time()
    time.sleep(3)
    end=time.time()
    print end-start
t()


3.0

4,

today=datetime.date.today()  
yesterday = (today - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%b %d')  

5,
python计算明天的日期：

from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta


now = datetime.now()
aDay = timedelta(days=1)
now = now + aDay
print now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')


2017-05-07

python计算昨天时间：

from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta


now = datetime.now()
aDay = timedelta(days=-1)
now = now + aDay
print now.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')


2017-05-09

执行命令

os.system("ln -s /etc/hosts /root/hosts")


print os.popen("free -m").read()


res=commands.getoutput("pwd")
status,res=commands.getstatusoutput('free -m')
print res


subprocess.call('pwd',shell=True)