1当派生类与基类中有相同成员时:若没有特别限定,则通过派生类对象使用的是派生类的同名成员。如果要通过派生类对象访问基类中被隐藏的同名成员,应使用基类名和作用域操作符“::”来限定
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1 {
public:
int var;
void fun() { cout << "Member of Base1" << endl; }
};
class Base2 {
public:
int var;
void fun() { cout << "Member of Base2" << endl; }
};
class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 {
public:
int var;
void fun() { cout << "Member of Derived" << endl; }
};
int main() {
Derived d;
Derived *p = &d;
//访问Derived类成员
d.var = 1;
d.fun();
//访问Base1基类成员
d.Base1::var = 2;
d.Base1::fun();
//访问Base2基类成员
p->Base2::var = 3;
p->Base2::fun();
return 0;
}
2如果从不同基类中继承了同名成员,但在派生类中没有定义同名成员,“派生类对象或引用.成员名”、“派生类指针—>成员名”访问成员存在二义性问题。
//7_7.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base0 { //定义基类Base0
public:
int var0;
void fun0() { cout << "Member of Base0" << endl; }
};
class Base1: public Base0 { //定义派生类Base1
public: //新增外部接口
int var1;
};
class Base2: public Base0 { //定义派生类Base2
public: //新增外部接口
int var2;
};
例7-7 多继承时的二义性和冗余问题
class Derived: public Base1, public Base2 {
public:
int var;
void fun()
{ cout << "Member of Derived" << endl; }
};
int main() { //程序主函数
Derived d;
d.Base1::var0 = 2;
d.Base1::fun0();
d.Base2::var0 = 3;
d.Base2::fun0();
return 0;
}
参考:
程序参考清华大学郑莉《C++程序语言设计》