Recap:
Cryptography evolves from an art form into a science.
It is the scientific study of techniques for securing digital information, transactions, and distributed computations.
The setting of private key Encryption, a.k.a symmetrical encryption
more formally defined, an encryption scheme is:
Key generation algorithm: Gen
encryption algorithm: Enc
Decryption algorithm: Dec
plaintext space M
key space K
Dec(Enc(M))=M(with K)
Kerckhoff's principle: not the algorithm needed secret but the key
Attack scenarios:
Ciphertext-only attack
Known-plaintext attack
Chosen-plaintext attack
Chosen-ciphertext attack