android之TheadLocal,还有Handler

android中把java中TheadLocal类中内部类ThreadLocalMap换成了Values，并且方法也换了；

android中线程存储的就是ThreadLocal.Values了；

线程中用Handler的方式：

new Thread(){

   public void run(){

Looper.prepare();

Handler handler = new Handler();

Looper.loop();

}

};

Looper.loop()；会阻塞线程，一直等待消息唤醒线程，继续执行；

来看看Handler：

  public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
    }

 public Handler(Callback callback) {
        this(callback, false);
    }

 public Handler(Looper looper) {
        this(looper, null, false);
    }

 public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback) {
        this(looper, callback, false);
    }

 public Handler(boolean async) {
        this(null, async);
    }

  public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }

以上就是Handler的构造函数；

无参数的构造函数实际上调用的是最后一个构造函数，那么看看最后一个构造函数：

1.检查当前Handler是否是静态的，否则有内存泄露风险；

2.获得当前线程的Loop对象；

3.获得消息队列对象；

4.Callback对象；

第二步如果没有获得Looper对象就会抛出

Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()

因此内部线程需要Looper.prepare(),Looper.loop();

主线程即（ActivityThread）已经做好了Looper.prepare(),Looper.loop();因此主线程不需要，可以直接new Hander();

其他线程在创建Handler对象之前需要run方法中Looper.prepare();最后Looper.loop();

看看Looper类的prepare()方法：

    public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }

从第二个函数可以知道 prepare()只能调用一次，每一个线程的Looper对象只能有一个；

以上代码也说明了prepare()方法是把looper对象绑定到当前线程上（通过ThreadLocal实现Looper对象绑定到线程）；

看看Looper类的loop()方法：

prepare是绑定，那么loop()就是从消息队列中获取消息执行了；

分析源码：

    public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }

            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
            Printer logging = me.mLogging;
            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
            }

            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
            }

            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            if (ident != newIdent) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
            }

            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }

在无限循环中：

 Message msg = queue.next(); 

queue.next()是个阻塞方法，没有从消息队列中拿到消息线程就block状态；
获得消息后执行

 msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

msg.target也就是Message绑定的Handler对象；执行Handler中的dispatchMessage方法；

以上就是整个handler+looper+messagequeue+thread的流程；

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

看看Handler的dispatchMessage源码：

   public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

优先执行msg中的callback，handler.post(new Runnable(){});  callback就是new Runnable(){}对象；

再次执行mCallback中的handleMessage， mCallback是构造函数中传递的对象；

优先级最低的是handler自身的handleMessage对象；

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

回到Handler对象，handler对象实际上是与Looper对象绑定，绑定到哪个线程的looper对象上就能让哪个线程执行handler的处理代码逻辑；

因此不必在当前线程下创建Handler对象； HandlerThread体现了这种用法；

  

  <pre name="code" class="java"> MyHandlerThread handlerThread = new MyHandlerThread("myHanler");  
   handlerThread.start();  
   handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper(), handlerThread); 

    

   private class MyHandlerThread extends HandlerThread implements Callback {  
  
        public MyHandlerThread(String name) {  
            super(name);  
        }  
  
        @Override  
        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {  
            //打印线程的名称  
            System.out.println(" handleMessage CurrentThread = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
            return true;  
        }              
    }

或者：

   MyHandlerThread handlerThread = new MyHandlerThread("myHanler");  
   handlerThread.start();  
   handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper()); 

   handler.post(new Runnable() {  
                            @Override  
                            public void run() {  
                            
                            }  
                        });