函数式接口@FunctionalInterface

标注为FunctionalInterface的接口被称为函数式接口，该接口只能有一个自定义方法，但是可以包括从object类继承而来的方法。如果一个接口只有一个方法，则编译器会认为这就是一个函数式接口。例如这样写：

package com.life;

public interface Hello {
	void test();
}

如果在接口上面加入@FunctionalInterface注解，那么该接口就会被强制要求符合函数式接口的规范，比如可以这样写：

package com.life;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Hello {
	void test();
}

也可以添加继承自object的类的方法：

package com.life;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Hello {
	void test();
	String toString();
}

但是如果下面这样，在一个接口中定义两个自定义的方法，就会产生Invalid '@FunctionalInterface' annotation; Hello is not a functional interface错误：

package com.life;

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Hello {
	void test();
	String toStringA();
}

Java中FunctionalInterface接口是如下定义的：

package java.lang;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * An informative annotation type used to indicate that an interface
 * type declaration is intended to be a <i>functional interface</i> as
 * defined by the Java Language Specification.
 *
 * Conceptually, a functional interface has exactly one abstract
 * method.  Since {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method#isDefault()
 * default methods} have an implementation, they are not abstract.  If
 * an interface declares an abstract method overriding one of the
 * public methods of {@code java.lang.Object}, that also does
 * <em>not</em> count toward the interface's abstract method count
 * since any implementation of the interface will have an
 * implementation from {@code java.lang.Object} or elsewhere.
 *
 * <p>Note that instances of functional interfaces can be created with
 * lambda expressions, method references, or constructor references.
 *
 * <p>If a type is annotated with this annotation type, compilers are
 * required to generate an error message unless:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li> The type is an interface type and not an annotation type, enum, or class.
 * <li> The annotated type satisfies the requirements of a functional interface.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>However, the compiler will treat any interface meeting the
 * definition of a functional interface as a functional interface
 * regardless of whether or not a {@code FunctionalInterface}
 * annotation is present on the interface declaration.
 *
 * @jls 4.3.2. The Class Object
 * @jls 9.8 Functional Interfaces
 * @jls 9.4.3 Interface Method Body
 * @since 1.8
 */
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface FunctionalInterface {}

更多学习参考：https://www.zhihu.com/question/28292740/answer/40336090