级数

$麦克劳林级数$

$函数$	$麦克劳林级数$	$x范围$
$e^x$	$\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\frac{x^n}{n!}=1+x+\frac{x^2}{2!}+\frac{x^3}{3!}+\cdots$	$-\infty <x<+\infty$
$\sin x$	$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(-1{)}^{n-1}\frac{x^{2n-1}}{(2n-1)!}=x-\frac{x^3}{3!}+\frac{x^5}{5!}-\frac{x^7}{7!}+\cdots$	$-\infty <x<+\infty$
$\cos x$	$\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(-1{)}^n\frac{x^{2n}}{(2n)!}=1-\frac{x^2}{2!}+\frac{x^4}{4!}-\frac{x^6}{6!}+\cdots$	$-\infty <x<+\infty$
$\ln (1+x)$	$\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }(-1{)}^n\frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}=x-\frac{1}{2}{x}^2+\frac{1}{3}{x}^3-\frac{1}{4}{x}^4+\cdots$	$-1<x⩽1$
$\frac{1}{1-x}$	$\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{x}^n=1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4+\cdots$	$-1<x<1$
$\frac{1}{1+x}$	$\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }(-1{)}^n{x}^n=1-x+x^2-x^3+x^4-\cdots$	$-1<x<1$
$(1+x{)}^{\mu }$	$1+\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }\frac{\mu (\mu -1)\cdots (\mu -n+1)}{n!}{x}^n=1+\mu x+\frac{\mu (\mu -1)}{2!}{x}^2+\cdots$	$-1<x<1$

$傅里叶级数$

$以l为周期的傅里叶级数：$ $$f(x)\sim \frac{a_0}{2}+\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }(a_n\cos \frac{n\pi }{l}x+b_n\sin \frac{n\pi }{l}x)\text{d}x=\{\begin{array}{ll}f(x)& x是f(x)的连续点\\ & \\ \frac{1}{2}[f(x^{-})+f(x^{+})]& x是f(x)的第一间断点\\ & \\ \frac{1}{2}[f(-l^{+})+f(l^{-})]& x是f(x)的周期端点\end{array}$$ $傅里叶系数为：$ $\{\begin{array}{l}{a}_0=\frac{1}{l}{\int }_{-l}^{l}f(x)\text{d}x\\ \\ a_n=\frac{1}{l}{\int }_{-l}^{l}f(x)\cos \frac{n\pi }{l}x\text{d}x\\ \\ b_n=\frac{1}{l}{\int }_{-l}^{l}f(x)\sin \frac{n\pi }{l}x\text{d}x\end{array}$
$正弦级数：$ $\{\begin{array}{l}{a}_0=0\\ \\ a_n=0\\ \\ b_n=\frac{2}{l}{\int }_0^{l}f(x)\sin \frac{n\pi }{l}x\text{d}x\end{array}$

$余弦级数：$ $\{\begin{array}{l}{a}_0=\frac{2}{l}{\int }_0^{l}f(x)\text{d}x\\ \\ a_n=\frac{2}{l}{\int }_0^{l}f(x)\cos \frac{n\pi }{l}x\text{d}x\\ \\ b_n=0\end{array}$

$常用计算傅里叶展开的定积分：$
$\int x\sin nx=\frac{1}{n^2}\sin nx-\frac{x}{n}\cos nx$
  ~  
$\int x\cos nx=\frac{1}{n^2}\cos nx+\frac{x}{n}\sin nx$
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$\int x^2\sin nx=\frac{2x}{n^2}\sin nx-\frac{n^2{x}^2-2}{n^3}\cos nx$
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$\int x^2\sin nx=\frac{2x}{n^2}\cos nx+\frac{n^2{x}^2-2}{n^3}\sin nx$