内核启动用户态的程序

内核启动用户态的应用程序是通过call_usermodehelper来调用的，比较常见的调用，比如modprobe.

static inline int
call_usermodehelper(char *path, char **argv, char **envp, enum umh_wait wait)

参数说明;

path : 应用程序的位置

argv : 传递给用户态应用程序的参数

envp: 传递给应用程序的环境变量

wait : 调用用户态应用程序的内核程序是否等到用户态程序退出后才退出。

使用的例子：

我们来看kmod.c的源码，它通过调用用户态的modprobe来加载所需要的驱动模块。

int request_module(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	char module_name[MODULE_NAME_LEN];
	unsigned int max_modprobes;
	int ret;

///构造传递给modeprobe的参数
	char *argv[] = { modprobe_path, "-q", "--", module_name, NULL };
	static char *envp[] = { "HOME=/",
				"TERM=linux",
				"PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin",
				NULL };
	static atomic_t kmod_concurrent = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
#define MAX_KMOD_CONCURRENT 50	/* Completely arbitrary value - KAO */
	static int kmod_loop_msg;

	va_start(args, fmt);
	ret = vsnprintf(module_name, MODULE_NAME_LEN, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);
	if (ret >= MODULE_NAME_LEN)
		return -ENAMETOOLONG;

	/* If modprobe needs a service that is in a module, we get a recursive
	 * loop.  Limit the number of running kmod threads to max_threads/2 or
	 * MAX_KMOD_CONCURRENT, whichever is the smaller.  A cleaner method
	 * would be to run the parents of this process, counting how many times
	 * kmod was invoked.  That would mean accessing the internals of the
	 * process tables to get the command line, proc_pid_cmdline is static
	 * and it is not worth changing the proc code just to handle this case. 
	 * KAO.
	 *
	 * "trace the ppid" is simple, but will fail if someone's
	 * parent exits.  I think this is as good as it gets. --RR
	 */
	max_modprobes = min(max_threads/2, MAX_KMOD_CONCURRENT);
	atomic_inc(&kmod_concurrent);
	if (atomic_read(&kmod_concurrent) > max_modprobes) {
		/* We may be blaming an innocent here, but unlikely */
		if (kmod_loop_msg++ < 5)
			printk(KERN_ERR
			       "request_module: runaway loop modprobe %s\n",
			       module_name);
		atomic_dec(&kmod_concurrent);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}
///调用modeprobe.
	ret = call_usermodehelper(modprobe_path, argv, envp, 1);
	atomic_dec(&kmod_concurrent);
	return ret;
}