现实生活中大部分的事物都有生命周期，就像人的生老病死一样。
在编程中也有很多对象是具有生命周期的，从初始化、运行、回收等 会经历几个不同的阶段。 在tomcat中容器相关的好多组建都实现了Lifecycle接口，当tomcat启动时，其依赖的下层组件会全部进行初始化。 并且可以对每个组件生命周期中的事件添加监听器。 好比javaee开发中经常用到的avax.servlet.ServletContextListener可以监听tomcat容器的启动于关闭，javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener可以监听一个请求的创建到销毁。
下面开始介绍Lifecycle的设计模式。
首先是Lifecycle接口，有4中状态，分别是［启动前、启动后、关闭前、关闭后］。 并且有start()、stop()两个方法 用于启动和停止对应的对象，还有两个方法用来给该对象的生命周期事件添加监听起。
package tomcat.p5;
/**
* @author zhoufeng
*/
public interface Lifecycle {
public static final String BEFORE_START = "before_start";
public static final String AFTER_START = "after_start";
public static final String BEFORE_STOP = "before_stop";
public static final String AFTER_STOP = "afater_stop";
/**
* 添加一个监听器
* @param listener
*/
void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener);
/**
* 获取所有的监听器
* @return
*/
LifecycleListener[] getLifecycleEvents();
/**
* 启动
*/
void start();
/**
* 停止
*/
void stop();
}
接下来看LifecycleListener接口的定义。
package tomcat.p5;
/**
* 生命周期监听器接口
* @author zhoufeng
*/
public interface LifecycleListener {
/**
* 当被监听的对象有事件发生时 会触发该方法
* @param event
*/
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event);
}
下面是LifecycleEvent的定义
package tomcat.p5;
/**
* 生命周期事件
* @author zhoufeng
*/
public class LifecycleEvent {
/**
* 触发该事件的具体实例对象
*/
private Lifecycle lifecycle ;
/**
* 事件类型（对应于Lifecycle中定义的几种状态）
*/
private String type ;
/**
* 该事件携带的参数数据
*/
private Object data ;
public LifecycleEvent(Lifecycle lifecycle, String type, Object data) {
this.lifecycle = lifecycle;
this.type = type;
this.data = data;
}
public Lifecycle getLifecycle() {
return lifecycle;
}
public void setLifecycle(Lifecycle lifecycle) {
this.lifecycle = lifecycle;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public Object getData() {
return data;
}
public void setData(Object data) {
this.data = data;
}
}
所以在tomcat里面用了一种设计模式，我也不太清楚这种设计模式叫什么名字， 先姑且叫它“伪继承组合”模式，使用一个LifecycleSupport类来管理一个Lifecycle的具体实例，并且有同名方法addLifecycleListener与getLifecycleListener，以及一个fireLifecycleListener方法来触发lifecycle的所有监听器。代码如下：
package tomcat.p5;
/**
* @author zhoufeng
*/
public class LifecycleSupport {
/**
* 被管理的lifecycle实例
*/
private Lifecycle lifecycle ;
private LifecycleListener[] listeners ;
public LifecycleSupport(Lifecycle lifecycle) {
this.lifecycle = lifecycle;
}
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener){
if(listeners == null){
listeners = new LifecycleListener[1];
listeners[0] = listener ;
}else{
LifecycleListener[] newListeners = new LifecycleListener[listeners.length + 1];
newListeners[newListeners.length - 1] = listener ;
listeners = newListeners ;
}
}
public LifecycleListener[] getLifecycleEvents(){
return listeners ;
}
/**
* 触发所有的监听器
* @param type 事件类型
* @param data
*/
public void fireLifecycleEvent(String type , Object data){
if(listeners != null && listeners.length > 0){
for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : listeners) {
lifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent(new LifecycleEvent(lifecycle, type, data));
}
}
}
}
核心的几个类都实现了。 下面来写一个例子试一试，模拟一个汽车发动到停止的过程。
首先写一个汽车发动机类，该发动机也实现了Lifecycle接口 具有生命周期。 并且使用LifecycleSupport来负责管理自己的生命周期，代码如下：
package tomcat.p5.test;
import tomcat.p5.Lifecycle;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleListener;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleSupport;
/**
* 汽车发动机
* @author zhoufeng
*/
public class Engine implements Lifecycle{
private LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
@Override
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
@Override
public LifecycleListener[] getLifecycleEvents() {
return lifecycle.getLifecycleEvents();
}
@Override
public void start() {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START, null);
System.out.println("发动机启动...");
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_START, null);
}
@Override
public void stop() {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_STOP, null);
System.out.println("发动机停止...");
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP, null);
}
}
下面实现一个大灯类，代码如下，同样使用LifecycleSupport管理自己的生命周期
package tomcat.p5.test;
import tomcat.p5.Lifecycle;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleListener;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleSupport;
/**
* 汽车大灯
* @author zhoufeng
*
*/
public class Light implements Lifecycle{
private LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
private String name ;
public Light(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void start() {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START, null);
System.out.println("大灯"+ this.name +"开始发光...");
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_START, null);
}
@Override
public void stop() {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_STOP, null);
System.out.println("大灯"+ this.name +"关闭...");
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP, null);
}
@Override
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
@Override
public LifecycleListener[] getLifecycleEvents() {
return lifecycle.getLifecycleEvents();
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
接下来就是汽车类了，里面包含了一个Engine，两个Light，注意看start()和stop()两个方法，当汽车启动时，会先将它依赖的一些组件全部启动。 停止时也一样，现将依赖的其他组件一起停止。
package tomcat.p5.test;
import tomcat.p5.Lifecycle;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleListener;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleSupport;
/**
* 汽车
* @author zhoufeng
*/
public class Car implements Lifecycle{
private Light leftLight ; //左大灯
private Light rightLight ; //右大灯
private Engine engine ; //引擎
private LifecycleSupport lifecycle = new LifecycleSupport(this);
public void run(){
start();
System.out.println("桑塔拉跑起来了...");
}
public void shutdown(){
stop();
System.out.println("桑塔拉停止了...");
}
@Override
public void addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycle.addLifecycleListener(listener);
}
@Override
public LifecycleListener[] getLifecycleEvents() {
return lifecycle.getLifecycleEvents();
}
@Override
public void start() {
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_START, null);
//先初始化其他组件
if(engine != null && engine instanceof Lifecycle){
((Lifecycle)engine).start();
}
if(leftLight != null && leftLight instanceof Lifecycle){
((Lifecycle)leftLight).start();
}
if(rightLight != null && rightLight instanceof Lifecycle){
((Lifecycle)rightLight).start();
}
System.out.println("桑塔拉正在启动...");
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_START, null);
}
@Override
public void stop() {
//先停止其他组件
if(engine != null && engine instanceof Lifecycle){
((Lifecycle)engine).stop();
}
if(leftLight != null && leftLight instanceof Lifecycle){
((Lifecycle)leftLight).stop();
}
if(rightLight != null && rightLight instanceof Lifecycle){
((Lifecycle)rightLight).stop();
}
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.BEFORE_STOP, null);
System.out.println("桑塔拉正在停止...");
lifecycle.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP, null);
}
public Light getLeftLight() {
return leftLight;
}
public void setLeftLight(Light leftLight) {
this.leftLight = leftLight;
}
public Light getRightLight() {
return rightLight;
}
public void setRightLight(Light rightLight) {
this.rightLight = rightLight;
}
public Engine getEngine() {
return engine;
}
public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
this.engine = engine;
}
}
下面写一个入口程序来测试一下。
package tomcat.p5.test;
import tomcat.p5.Lifecycle;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleEvent;
import tomcat.p5.LifecycleListener;
public class Startup {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
//实例化两个灯泡
Light leftLight = new Light(" 左 ");
Light rightLight = new Light(" 右 ");
//实例化一个发动机
Engine engine = new Engine();
//实例化一个汽车
Car car = new Car() ;
car.setLeftLight(leftLight);
car.setRightLight(rightLight);
car.setEngine(engine);
//还可以给上面实现了Lifecycle接口的组件添加监听器
engine.addLifecycleListener(new LifecycleListener() {
@Override
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
//只关心AFTER_START事件
if(Lifecycle.AFTER_START.equals(event.getType())){
System.out.println("监听到发动机启动了，轰轰轰。。。");
//这里还可以通过event.getLifecycle()获得engin实例对象，然后做一些业务操作
}else{
//这里可以继续判断其他类型的事件，然后做出处理
}
}
});
car.addLifecycleListener(new LifecycleListener() {
@Override
public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
if(Lifecycle.AFTER_STOP.equals(event.getType())){
System.out.println("桑塔拉快停止了,下车吧。。。");
}
}
});
//启动汽车
car.run();
System.out.println("\n\n\n");
//模拟让桑塔拉跑3秒
Thread.sleep(3000);
//关闭汽车
car.shutdown();
}
}
输出如下
发动机启动...
监听到发动机启动了，轰轰轰。。。
大灯 左 开始发光...
大灯 右 开始发光...
桑塔拉正在启动...
桑塔拉跑起来了...
发动机停止...
大灯 左 关闭...
大灯 右 关闭...
桑塔拉正在停止...
桑塔拉停止了,下车吧。。。
桑塔拉停止了...
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