Docker学习02：镜像管理

一、什么是镜像

镜像就是打包好的环境与应用。

二、镜像的主要分类

1. 操作系统类(如centos,ubuntu)
2. 应用程序类(如web站点)

三、镜像加速器

国内从 Docker Hub 拉取镜像有时会遇到困难，此时可以配置镜像加速器。国内很多云服务商都提供了国内加速器服务。

添加国内镜像仓库

// 这里以网易的镜像仓库为例子
[root@docker ~]# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
    "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com"
  ]
}

重新启动服务

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

检查加速器是否生效

执行$ docker info，如果从结果中看到了如下内容，说明配置成功.

Registry Mirrors:
 https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/

四、镜像基础操作

4.1 搜素镜像

docker search [关键字]

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        12908               [OK]                
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1761                                    [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   760                                     [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   102

4.2 拉取镜像

docker pull [image:tag]

不加tag，默认latest版本

[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
c499e6d256d6: Pull complete 
74cda408e262: Pull complete 
ffadbd415ab7: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:282530fcb7cd19f3848c7b611043f82ae4be3781cb00105a1d593d7e6286b596
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

4.3 查看镜像列表

docker images，docker image ls

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB

[root@docker ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB

4.4 给镜像打标签

docker tag

[root@docker ~]# docker tag nginx:latest nginx:v1.1

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB
nginx               v1.1                ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB

4.5 导出镜像

docker save

// -o 指定导出路径
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o /data/nginx-v1.1.tar.gz nginx:v1.1
[root@docker ~]# ll /data/
total 127560
-rw------- 1 root root 130618880 Apr  1 20:58 nginx-v1.1.tar.gz

4.6 删除镜像

docker rmi 或者docker image rm

[root@docker ~]# docker rmi nginx:v1.1 
Untagged: nginx:v1.1

[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB

4.7导入镜像

docker load

[root@docker ~]# docker load -i /data/nginx-v1.1.tar.gz 
Loaded image: nginx:v1.1
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx               latest              ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB
nginx               v1.1                ed21b7a8aee9        34 hours ago        127MB