centos8上配置python10，详细步骤，包括错误的解决方案

3 python

3.1 下载

Download Python | Python.org

本教程基于系统centos8，下载python3.10.12版本

3.2 解压

tar -zxvf Python-3.10.12.tgz 

3.3 下载依赖！

下载python10之前，需要确保有以下依赖

sudo yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

!! 有时会存在db4-devel找不到的问题，那是因为yum的资源包找不到该包，因此需要手动下载

1. 搭建db4-devel依赖

   wget https://pkgs.dyn.su/el8/base/x86_64/libdb4-4.8.30-30.el8.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -ivh libdb4-4.8.30-30.el8.x86_64.rpm
   wget https://pkgs.dyn.su/el8/base/x86_64/libdb4-devel-4.8.30-30.el8.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -ivh libdb4-devel-4.8.30-30.el8.x86_64.rpm 
   

2. 搭建libpcap-devel依赖，如出现异常，可查看第三步

   wget https://vault.centos.org/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/libpcap-1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -ivh libpcap-1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
   wget https://vault.centos.org/centos/8/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/libpcap-devel-1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
   rpm -ivh libpcap-devel-1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm
   

3. 搭建libpcap出现以下错误，一般看操作系统，并不一定会出现

   [root@VM-12-7-opencloudos software]# rpm -ivh libpcap-1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm 
   warning: libpcap-1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
   Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
   Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
   	package libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.oc8.x86_64 (which is newer than libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64) is already installed
   	file /usr/lib64/libpcap.so.1.9.1 from install of libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64 conflicts with file from package libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.oc8.x86_64
   

   • 主要的错误为file /usr/lib64/libpcap.so.1.9.1 from install of libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.el8.x86_64 conflicts with file from package libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.oc8.x86_64，将libpcap-14:1.9.1-5.oc8.x86_64删除就行

   [root@VM-12-7-opencloudos software]# yum list | grep pcap
   libpcap.x86_64                                14:1.9.1-5.oc8                                            @BaseOS   
   libpcap-debugsource.x86_64                    14:1.9.1-5.el8                                            @System   
   python3-pcapy.x86_64                          0.11.5-8.el8                                              epel      
   python3-pypcapkit.noarch                      0.14.5-1.el8                                              epel   
   
   [root@VM-12-7-opencloudos software]# sudo yum remove libpcap.x86_64
   

3.4 配置与安装

首先进入python的目录执行以下脚本

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/python3.10 --enable-optimizations	# 第一选项指定需要安装目录，第二选项提高python性能

make & make install	# 编译安装 

3.5 编译安装出现的错误

若出现以下错误，则重新修改配置选项，重新安装编译

The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found:
nis                                                            
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.


The following modules found by detect_modules() in setup.py, have been
built by the Makefile instead, as configured by the Setup files:
_abc                  pwd                   time               

步骤：在python目录下进行

make clean	# 清除编译结果

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/python3.10 --enable-optimizations	--without-nis	# 不选哟nis模块

make & make install	# 重新编译安装