Java并发之深入Future原理源码分析

JDK内置的Future主要使用到了Callable接口和FutureTask类。Callable是类似于Runnable的接口，实现Callable接口的类和实现Runnable的类都是可被其他线程执行的任务。Callable接口可以看作是Runnable接口的补充，Callbale含有泛型，相比Runnable接口的run()方法，call()方法带有返回值，并且可以抛出异常。

callable构造方法

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Callable<V> {
    /**
     * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
     *
     * @return computed result
     * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
     */
    V call() throws Exception;
}

通常把任务定义在Callable实例call()方法内部，Callable的泛型即为call()方法的返回值，再生成一个FutureTask的对象，FutureTask构造方法内部参数封装着Callable实例，然后把这个对象当作一个Runnable，作为参数传递给线程执行。

 

继承关系

public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V> {}


public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {}

 

Future接口的方法：

public interface Future<V> {

    //取消任务。参数:是否立即中断任务执行，或者等等任务结束
    boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning);

    //任务是否已经取消，若已取消，返回true
    boolean isCancelled();

    //任务是否已经完成。包括任务正常完成、抛出异常或被取消，都返回true
    boolean isDone();

    /*等待任务执行结束，获得V类型的结果。InterruptedException: 线程被中断异常， ExecutionException: 任务执行异常，如果任务被取消，还会抛出CancellationException*/
    V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException;

    /*参数timeout指定超时时间，uint指定时间的单位，在枚举类TimeUnit中有相关的定义。如果计算超时，将抛出TimeoutException*/
    V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException;
}

• 调用不带参数的get方法的调用被阻塞，直到计算完成。如果在计算完成之前，调用带参get()方法超时时，会抛出TimeoutException异常。若运行该计算的线程被中断，两种get()方法都会抛出InterruptedException。如果计算已经完成，那么get方法立即返回。
• 若计算还在进行，isDone方法返回false；如果完成了，则返回true。
• 调用cancel()时，若计算还没有开始，它被取消且不再开始。若计算处于运行之中，那么如果mayInterrupt参数为true，它就被中断。
• 相比future.get()，其实更推荐使用get (long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 方法，因为设置了超时时间可以防止程序无限制的等待future的返回结果。

 

FutureTask源码解析

构造方法：

public FutureTask(Callable<V> callable) {
        if (callable == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.callable = callable;
        //状态为NEW
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
    }



public FutureTask(Runnable runnable, V result) {
        this.callable = Executors.callable(runnable, result);
        this.state = NEW;       // ensure visibility of callable
    }

实际上Callable = Runnable + result，继续看上面的第二个构造方法，看看Executors.callable(runnable, result)的实现：

public static <T> Callable<T> callable(Runnable task, T result) {
        if (task == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        //new了一个RunnableAdapter,返回Callable,说明RunnableAdapter实现了Callable
        return new RunnableAdapter<T>(task, result);
    }

RunnableAdapter类是Executors的静态内部类

static final class RunnableAdapter<T> implements Callable<T> {
        final Runnable task;
        final T result;
        RunnableAdapter(Runnable task, T result) {
            this.task = task;
            this.result = result;
        }
        public T call() {
            //Runnable task执行了run()
            task.run();
            //返回了T result
            return result;
        }
    }

 

状态值：

    /* Possible state transitions:
     * NEW -> COMPLETING -> NORMAL
     * NEW -> COMPLETING -> EXCEPTIONAL
     * NEW -> CANCELLED
     * NEW -> INTERRUPTING -> INTERRUPTED
     */
 
    private volatile int state;
    //初始化状态
    private static final int NEW          = 0;
    //正在执行
    private static final int COMPLETING   = 1;
    //正常完成
    private static final int NORMAL       = 2;
    //出现异常
    private static final int EXCEPTIONAL  = 3;
    //被取消
    private static final int CANCELLED    = 4;
    //正被中断
    private static final int INTERRUPTING = 5;
    //已被中断
    private static final int INTERRUPTED  = 6;

 

FutureTask的run方法：

public void run() {
        /*compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,]null, Thread.currentThread()))
         其中第一个参数为需要改变的对象，第二个为偏移量，第三个参数为期待的值，第四个为更新后的值。
        */
        if (state != NEW ||
            !UNSAFE.compareAndSwapObject(this, runnerOffset,
                                         null, Thread.currentThread()))
            return;
        try {
            Callable<V> c = callable;
            if (c != null && state == NEW) {
                V result;
                boolean ran;
                try {
                    //call()方法是由FutureTask调用的,说明call()不是异步执行的
                    result = c.call();
                    ran = true;
                } catch (Throwable ex) {
                    result = null;
                    ran = false;
                    //设置异常
                    setException(ex);
                }
                if (ran)
                    set(result);
            }
        } finally {
            // runner must be non-null until state is settled to
            // prevent concurrent calls to run()
            runner = null;
            // state must be re-read after nulling runner to prevent
            // leaked interrupts
            int s = state;
            if (s >= INTERRUPTING)
                handlePossibleCancellationInterrupt(s);
        }
    }

set方法：

protected void set(V v) {
           // NEW -> COMPLETING
        if (UNSAFE.compareAndSwapInt(this, stateOffset, NEW, COMPLETING)) {
            //返回结果,也包括异常
            outcome = v;
            //COMPLETING -> NORMAL
            UNSAFE.putOrderedInt(this, stateOffset, NORMAL); // final state
            //唤醒等待的线程
            finishCompletion();
        }
    }

run()方法解析就完成了，接下来就是get()方法获取返回结果了

public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        int s = state;
        //是否是未完成状态,是则等待
        if (s <= COMPLETING)
            //等待过程
            s = awaitDone(false, 0L);
        return report(s);
    }

    /**
     * @throws CancellationException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
        throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        if (unit == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        int s = state;
        if (s <= COMPLETING &&
            (s = awaitDone(true, unit.toNanos(timeout))) <= COMPLETING)
            throw new TimeoutException();
        return report(s);
    }