一 python提供的xml支持
2种工业标准的xml解析方法-SAX和DOM。SAX(simple API for XML),是基于事件处理的,当XML文档顺序地读入时,每次遇到一个元素会触发相应的事件处理函数来处理。DOM(Document Object Model),通过构建一个树结构来表现整个xml文档,一旦树被构建,可以通过DOM提供了接口来遍历树和提取相应的数据。
python还提供了python独特的xml解析方法,相比于SAX和DOM更容易使用和更加快速,此方法为ElementTree。
python的xml模块为:
1)xml.dom.minidom
2)xml.elementtree
3)xml.sax + xml.dom
二 xml实例:(employees.xml)
三 使用xml.dom.minidom来读写xml
1)使用xml.dom.minidom来解析xml:
from xml.dom import minidom
doc = minidom.parse( " employees.xml " )
# get root element: <employees/>
root = doc.documentElement
# get all children elements: <employee/> <employee/>
employees = root.getElementsByTagName( " employee " )
for employee in employees:
print ( " ------------------------------------------- " )
# element name : employee
print (employee.nodeName)
# element xml content : <employee><name>windows</name><age>20</age></employee>
# basically equal to toprettyxml function
print (employee.toxml())
nameNode = employee.getElementsByTagName( " name " )[0]
print (nameNode.childNodes)
print (nameNode.nodeName + " : " + nameNode.childNodes[0].nodeValue)
ageNode = employee.getElementsByTagName( " age " )[0]
print (ageNode.childNodes)
print (ageNode.nodeName + " : " + ageNode.childNodes[0].nodeValue)
print ( " ------------------------------------------- " )
# children nodes : \n is one text element
# [
# <DOM Text node "' \n '">,
# <DOM Element: name at 0xc9e490>,
# <DOM Text node "'\n '">,
# <DOM Element: age at 0xc9e4f0>,
# <DOM Text node "'\n '">
# ]
for n in employee.childNodes:
print (n)
TestMiniDom()
运行结果:
employee
< employee >
< name > linux </ name >
< age > 30 </ age >
</ employee >
[ < DOM Text node "'linux'" > ]
name:linux
[ < DOM Text node "'30'" > ]
age:30
-------------------------------------------
< DOM Text node "' \n '" >
< DOM Element: name at 0xc9f590 >
< DOM Text node "'\n '" >
< DOM Element: age at 0xc9f5f0 >
< DOM Text node "'\n '" >
-------------------------------------------
employee
< employee >
< name > windows </ name >
< age > 20 </ age >
</ employee >
[ < DOM Text node "'windows'" > ]
name:windows
[ < DOM Text node "'20'" > ]
age:20
-------------------------------------------
< DOM Text node "' \n '" >
< DOM Element: name at 0xc9f6b0 >
< DOM Text node "'\n '" >
< DOM Element: age at 0xc9f710 >
< DOM Text node "'\n '" >
2)使用xml.dom.minidom来生成xml:
import xml.dom.minidom
impl = xml.dom.minidom.getDOMImplementation()
dom = impl.createDocument(None, ' employees ' , None)
root = dom.documentElement
employee = dom.createElement( ' employee ' )
root.appendChild(employee)
nameE = dom.createElement( ' name ' )
nameT = dom.createTextNode( ' linux ' )
nameE.appendChild(nameT)
employee.appendChild(nameE)
ageE = dom.createElement( ' age ' )
ageT = dom.createTextNode( ' 30 ' )
ageE.appendChild(ageT)
employee.appendChild(ageE)
f = open( ' employees2.xml ' , ' w ' , encoding = ' utf-8 ' )
dom.writexml(f, addindent = ' ' , newl = ' \n ' ,encoding = ' utf-8 ' )
f.close()
GenerateXml()
运行结果:
< employees >
< employee >
< name >
linux
</ name >
< age >
30
</ age >
</ employee >
</ employees >
3)使用xml.dom.minidom需要注意的
*使用parse()或createDocument()返回的为DOM对象;
*使用DOM的documentElement属性可以获得Root Element;
*DOM为树形结构,包含许多的nodes,其中element是node的一种,可以包含子elements,textNode也是node的一种,是最终的子节点;
*每个node都有nodeName,nodeValue,nodeType属性,nodeValue是结点的值,只对textNode有效。对于textNode,想得到它的文本内容可以使用: .data属性。
*nodeType是结点的类型,现在有以下:
'ATTRIBUTE_NODE''CDATA_SECTION_NODE''COMMENT_NODE''DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE'
'DOCUMENT_NODE''DOCUMENT_TYPE_NODE''ELEMENT_NODE''ENTITY_NODE''ENTITY_REFERENCE_NODE'
'NOTATION_NODE''PROCESSING_INSTRUCTION_NODE''TEXT_NODE'
*getElementsByTagName()可以根据名字来查找子elements;
*childNodes返回所有的子Nodes,其中所有的文本均为textNode,包含元素间的‘\n\r’和空格均为textNode;
*writexml()时addindent=' '表示子元素的缩进,newl='\n'表示元素间的换行,encoding='utf-8'表示生成的xml的编码格式(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>)。
参考:
http://boyeestudio.cnblogs.com/archive/2005/08/16/216408.html
http://www.dnbcw.com/biancheng/python/pnwb252539.html
http://blog.csdn.net/kiki113/archive/2009/04/15/4080789.aspx
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