bert系列第一篇： bert进行embedding

bert理解

一句话概括， bert就是一个抽取器。输入一句话（词序列），输出抽取后的embedding序列。
再简单理解就是，它就是一个 encoder。

简单机理

我们可以用transformer在语言模型上做预训练。因为transformer是encoder-decoder结构，语言模型就只需要encoder部分就够了。BERT，利用transformer的encoder来进行预训练。

那么什么是transformer？
这是一个新的训练结构，发展历程而言就是CNN，RNN，transformer； transformer是基于attention机理发展而来。

transformer由编码器和解码器组成。编码器和解码器都是基于attention机制。如下图

什么是注意力机制，一图简单领会，后面我们单独开一篇动手实践一下

注意力机制就是，当前词的含义，必须结合结合上下文才能更好的理解。

encoder输入输出

• 输入会加入特殊的[CLS]代表整句话的含义，可以用于分类。

• input的词help，prince，mayuko等，一共512，这是截取的最大长度。

• 然后经过12层的encoder

• 最后输出的是每个token对应的embedding序列，每个token对应一个768维的向量。这个应该很好理解。

输出的结果

out = bert(xx)

 Return:
        :obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)` comprising various elements depending on the configuration (:class:`~transformers.BertConfig`) and inputs:
        **last_hidden_state** (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor` of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`):
            Sequence of hidden-states at the output of the last layer of the model.
        **pooler_output** (:obj:`torch.FloatTensor`: of shape :obj:`(batch_size, hidden_size)`):
            Last layer hidden-state of the first token of the sequence (classification token)
            further processed by a Linear layer and a Tanh activation function. The Linear
            layer weights are trained from the next sentence prediction (classification)
            objective during pre-training.

            This output is usually *not* a good summary
            of the semantic content of the input, you're often better with averaging or pooling
            the sequence of hidden-states for the whole input sequence.
        **hidden_states** (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_hidden_states=True``):
            Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for the output of the embeddings + one for the output of each layer)
            of shape :obj:`(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)`.

            Hidden-states of the model at the output of each layer plus the initial embedding outputs.
        **attentions** (:obj:`tuple(torch.FloatTensor)`, `optional`, returned when ``config.output_attentions=True``):
            Tuple of :obj:`torch.FloatTensor` (one for each layer) of shape
            :obj:`(batch_size, num_heads, sequence_length, sequence_length)`.

            Attentions weights after the attention softmax, used to compute the weighted average in the self-attention
            heads.

作用

有了词序列对应的embedding向量，就可以对词分类、句子向量构建，句子分类、句子相似度比较等。

code(notebook)

#%% md

# bert

#%%

!pip install transformers

#%%

import torch
from transformers import BertModel, BertTokenizer

#%%

tokenizer = BertTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-uncased')

#%%

input_ids = tokenizer