如何使Tomcat在Linux下自动启动

由于想部署一个Grails应用在Tomcat上，所以希望Tomcat可以自动启动。

首先参考官方文档：[url=http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/setup.html]Apache Tomcat 6.0 Tomcat Setup[/url]的“Unix daemon”部分。
[quote="Apache Tomcat 6.0 Tomcat Setup"]Tomcat can be run as a daemon using the jsvc tool from the commons-daemon project. Source tarballs for jsvc are included with the Tomcat binaries, and need to be compiled. Building jsvc requires a C ANSI compiler (such as GCC), GNU Autoconf, and a JDK.[/quote]
Tomcat可以使用来自commons-daemon项目的jsvc工具作为一个Linux/Unix守护进程运行起来。jsvc的源码包已经包含在Tomcat的bin目录下，并且需要自己编译。编译需要标准C(ANSI C)的编译器(例如GCC)、GUN Autoconf 和JDK。

自己准备编译环境，然后按照下面步骤编译项目。
[code]
cd $CATALINA_HOME/bin
tar xvfz jsvc.tar.gz
cd jsvc-src
autoconf
./configure --with-java=/usr/local/jdk1.5.0 (自己的JDK路径)
make
cp jsvc ..
cd ..
[/code]
好了，现在你可以通过jsvc将Tomcat作为守护进程运行起来。
命令可以参考官方文档：
[quote="Apache Tomcat 6.0 Tomcat Setup"]
Tomcat can then be run as a daemon using the following commands.

[code]
cd $CATALINA_HOME
./bin/jsvc -cp ./bin/bootstrap.jar \
-outfile ./logs/catalina.out -errfile ./logs/catalina.err \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
[/code]

jsvc has other useful parameters, such as -user which causes it to switch to another user after the daemon initialization is complete. This allows, for example, running Tomcat as a non privileged user while still being able to use privileged ports. jsvc --help will return the full jsvc usage information. In particular, the -debug option is useful to debug issues running jsvc.

The file $CATALINA_HOME/bin/jsvc/native/tomcat.sh can be used as a template for starting Tomcat automatically at boot time from /etc/init.d. The file is currently setup for running Tomcat 4.1.x, so it is necessary to edit it and change the classname from BootstrapService to Bootstrap.
[/quote]
上面的英文比较容易懂了，就不翻译了。

我们可以看一下$CATALINA_HOME/bin/jsvc/native/tomcat.sh 这个文件(因为我们需要根据自己的环境修改这个文件)。
但是实际的启动文件和它有些不同，主要是需要支持chkconfig。
[quote="tomcat"]
#!/bin/sh
#
# Startup Script for Tomcat6
#
# chkconfig: 345 88 14
# description: Tomcat Daemon
# processname: jsvc
# pidfile: /var/run/jsvc.pid
# config:
#
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
#
prog=tomcat
#
JAVA_HOME= [color=red]你的JDK目录(例如：/usr/local/jdk-1.5.0)[/color]
CATALINA_HOME= [color=red]你的tomcat目录[/color]
DAEMON_HOME= [color=red]你的jsvc目录(本例中其实就是Tomcat的bin目录)[/color]
TOMCAT_USER=tomcat6 [color=red]启动Tomcat的用户名！[/color]

# for multi instances adapt those lines.
TMP_DIR=/var/tmp
PID_FILE=/var/run/jsvc.pid
CATALINA_BASE= [color=red]你的tomcat目录[/color]

CATALINA_OPTS=
CLASSPATH=\
$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:\
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/commons-daemon.jar:\
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar

case "$1" in
start)
#
# Start Tomcat
#
$DAEMON_HOME/jsvc-src/jsvc \
-user $TOMCAT_USER \
-home $JAVA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \
-Djava.io.tmpdir=$TMP_DIR \
-wait 10 \
-pidfile $PID_FILE \
-outfile $CATALINA_HOME/logs/catalina.out \
-errfile '&1' \
$CATALINA_OPTS \
-cp $CLASSPATH \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
#
# To get a verbose JVM
#-verbose \
# To get a debug of jsvc.
#-debug \
exit $?
;;

stop)
#
# Stop Tomcat
#
$DAEMON_HOME/jsvc-src/jsvc \
-stop \
-pidfile $PID_FILE \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
exit $?
;;

*)
echo "Usage tomcat.sh start/stop"
exit 1;;
esac
[/quote]

将上面的这个文件复制到/etc/init.d且文件名为tomcat。
按照下面步骤在系统中添加启动脚本：
[code]
#useradd tomcat6 //添加用户
#groupadd tomcat　　//添加组
#usermod -G tomcat tomcat6　　//把tomcat5加入tomcat组
#chown -R tomcat6 [color=red]你的tomcat目录[/color] //设置用户tomcat6对目录的权限
#chkconfig --add tomcat //把这个脚本设置成系统启动时自动执行，系统关闭时自动停止
[/code]

如果这些步骤完成了，那我们的Tomcat服务就可以在Linux中自动启动了。