02 Go语言开发REST API接口_20240728 课程笔记

概述

如果您没有Golang的基础,应该学习如下前置课程。

  • Golang零基础入门
  • Golang面向对象编程
  • Go Web 基础

基础不好的同学每节课的代码最好配合视频进行阅读和学习,如果基础比较扎实,则阅读本教程巩固一下相关知识点即可,遇到不会的知识点再看视频。

视频课程

最近发现越来越多的公司在用Golang了,所以精心整理了一套视频教程给大家,这个是其中的第4部,后续还会有很多。

视频已经录制完成,完整目录截图如下:
在这里插入图片描述

打个小广告,目前处于特价阶段,一节课只需要1块钱,24节课只需要24元哦。如果有需要,请前往我的淘宝店铺“Python私教”下单。

课程目录

  • 01 环境搭建
  • 02 关于年月日版本不被支持的说明
  • 03 返回JSON字典
  • 04 Go语言通过replace查找本地库的用法
  • 05 封装JsonMap方法
  • 06 使用封装的JsonMap方法
  • 07 优化JsonMap方法
  • 08 返回JSON数组
  • 09 封装ResponseJsonArr方法
  • 10 返回JSON结构体
  • 11 封装ResponseJsonStruct方法
  • 12 统一返回格式
  • 13 封装ResponseSuccess方法
  • 14 发送GET请求
  • 15 获取查询参数
  • 16 封装GetQuery和GetQueryInt方法
  • 17 获取获取查询参数的方式
  • 18 发送和获取表单参数
  • 19 封装GetForm方法
  • 20 封装SendForm方法
  • 21 发送和获取JSON
  • 22 获取路径参数
  • 23 发送PUT请求
  • 24 发送DELETE请求

完整代码

01 环境搭建

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	fmt.Fprint(w, "Welcome!\n")
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

02 关于年月日版本不被支持的说明

03 返回JSON字典

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	// 声明返回的是JSON数据
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	m := make(map[string]string)
	m["a"] = "张三"
	m["b"] = "李四"

	// 将字段转换为JSON
	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(m)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, err.Error())
		return
	}

	fmt.Fprint(w, string(jsonBytes))
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

04 Go语言通过replace查找本地库的用法

05 封装JsonMap方法

06 使用封装的JsonMap方法

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	m := make(map[string]interface{})
	m["a"] = "张三333"
	m["b"] = "李四333"

	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseJsonMap(w, m)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

07 优化JsonMap方法

08 返回JSON数组

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	// 声明返回的是JSON数据
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	var arr []interface{}
	arr = append(arr, "张三")
	arr = append(arr, "李四")
	arr = append(arr, "王五")

	// 将字段转换为JSON
	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(arr)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, err.Error())
		return
	}

	// 返回JSON信息
	fmt.Fprint(w, string(jsonBytes))
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

09 封装ResponseJsonArr方法

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	var arr []interface{}
	arr = append(arr, "张三333")
	arr = append(arr, "李四333")
	arr = append(arr, "王五333")

	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseJsonArr(w, arr)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

10 返回JSON结构体

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	// 声明返回的是JSON数据
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	u := User{"张三", 33}

	// 将字段转换为JSON
	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(u)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, err.Error())
		return
	}

	// 返回JSON信息
	fmt.Fprint(w, string(jsonBytes))
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

11 封装ResponseJsonStruct方法

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	u := User{"张三333", 333}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseJsonStruct(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

12 统一返回格式

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type SuccessResult struct {
	Code    int         `json:"code"`
	Status  bool        `json:"status"`
	Message string      `json:"message"`
	Data    interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
}

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	// 声明返回的是JSON数据
	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	u := User{"张三", 33}
	s := SuccessResult{10000, true, "success", u}

	// 将字段转换为JSON
	jsonBytes, err := json.Marshal(s)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, err.Error())
		return
	}

	// 返回JSON信息
	fmt.Fprint(w, string(jsonBytes))
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

13 封装ResponseSuccess方法

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	u := User{"张三333", 333}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

14 发送GET请求

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	u := User{"张三333", 333}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	resp, err := http.Get("http://localhost:8888/")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	body := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

15 获取查询参数

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	name := r.URL.Query().Get("name")
	age := r.URL.Query().Get("age")
	ageInt, _ := strconv.ParseInt(age, 10, 64)
	u := User{name, int(ageInt)}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	resp, err := http.Get("http://localhost:8888/?name=张三333&age=33")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	body := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

16 封装GetQuery和GetQueryInt方法

17 获取查询参数的方式

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	name := zdpgo_httprouter.GetQuery(r, "name")
	age := zdpgo_httprouter.GetQueryInt(r, "age")

	u := User{name, age}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	resp, err := http.Get("http://localhost:8888/?name=张三33&age=33")
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	body := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

18 发送和获取表单参数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"strconv"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	r.ParseForm()
	fmt.Println(r.PostForm)

	name := r.PostForm.Get("name")
	age := r.PostForm.Get("age")

	ageInt, _ := strconv.ParseInt(age, 10, 64)

	u := User{name, int(ageInt)}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.POST("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/"

	// 用url.values方式构造form-data参数
	formValues := url.Values{}
	formValues.Set("name", "张三")
	formValues.Set("age", "23")
	formDataStr := formValues.Encode()

	formDataBytes := []byte(formDataStr)
	formBytesReader := bytes.NewReader(formDataBytes)

	//生成post请求
	client := &http.Client{}
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", targetUrl, formBytesReader)
	if err != nil {
		// handle error
		log.Fatal("生成请求失败!", err)
		return
	}

	//注意别忘了设置header
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")

	// Do方法发送请求
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

19 封装GetForm方法

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	name := zdpgo_httprouter.GetForm(r, "name")
	age := zdpgo_httprouter.GetFormInt(r, "age")
	u := User{name, age}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.POST("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/"

	// 用url.values方式构造form-data参数
	formValues := url.Values{}
	formValues.Set("name", "张三")
	formValues.Set("age", "23")
	formDataStr := formValues.Encode()

	formDataBytes := []byte(formDataStr)
	formBytesReader := bytes.NewReader(formDataBytes)

	//生成post请求
	client := &http.Client{}
	req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", targetUrl, formBytesReader)
	if err != nil {
		// handle error
		log.Fatal("生成请求失败!", err)
		return
	}

	//注意别忘了设置header
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")

	// Do方法发送请求
	resp, err := client.Do(req)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

20 封装SendForm方法

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	name := zdpgo_httprouter.GetForm(r, "name")
	age := zdpgo_httprouter.GetFormInt(r, "age")
	u := User{name, age}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.POST("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"io"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/"
	formData := map[string]string{
		"name": "张三",
		"age":  "23",
	}
	resp, err := zdpgo_httprouter.SendForm(targetUrl, formData)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

21 发送和获取JSON

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	var u User
	err := zdpgo_httprouter.GetJson(r, &u)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "err:%v", err)
		return
	}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.POST("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"io"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/"
	formData := map[string]interface{}{
		"name": "张三",
		"age":  23,
	}
	resp, err := zdpgo_httprouter.SendJson("POST", targetUrl, formData)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

22 获取路径参数

package main

import (
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, ps zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	id := ps.ByName("id")
	data := map[string]interface{}{
		"id":   id,
		"name": "张三",
		"age":  23,
	}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, data)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.GET("/:id", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net/http"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/3"
	resp, err := http.Get(targetUrl)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

23 发送PUT请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	var u User
	err := zdpgo_httprouter.GetJson(r, &u)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "err:%v", err)
		return
	}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.PUT("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"io"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/"
	formData := map[string]interface{}{
		"name": "张三",
		"age":  23,
	}
	resp, err := zdpgo_httprouter.SendJson("PUT", targetUrl, formData)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

24 发送DELETE请求

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"net/http"
	"time"
)

type User struct {
	Name string `json:"name"`
	Age  int    `json:"age"`
}

func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ zdpgo_httprouter.Params) {
	var u User
	err := zdpgo_httprouter.GetJson(r, &u)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "err:%v", err)
		return
	}
	zdpgo_httprouter.ResponseSuccess(w, u)
}

func main() {
	router := zdpgo_httprouter.New()
	router.DELETE("/", Index)

	server := &http.Server{
		Addr:         "0.0.0.0:8888",
		Handler:      router,
		ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
	}

	server.ListenAndServe()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"github.com/zhangdapeng520/zdpgo_httprouter"
	"io"
)

func main() {
	targetUrl := "http://localhost:8888/"
	formData := map[string]interface{}{
		"name": "张三",
		"age":  23,
	}
	resp, err := zdpgo_httprouter.SendJson("DELETE", targetUrl, formData)
	body2 := resp.Body
	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(body2)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Println(err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println(string(bodyBytes))
}

总结

本套教程主要讲解Go REST API开发的基础知识,特别是讲解了httprouter的用法以及一些便捷函数的封装,并附上了完整的实战代码。

通过本套课程,能帮你入门Go REST API 接口开发,写一些简单的API程序。

如果您需要完整的源码,打赏20元即可。

人生苦短,我用Python,我是您身边的Python私教~

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