constructor属性始终指向创建当前对象的构造函数。比如下面例子:
var arr = [1, 56, 34, 12]; // 等价于 var foo = new Array(1, 56, 34, 12);
document.writeln(arr.constructor === Array);// true
在看下面的例子
var foo = new Function(); var Foo = function() { }; document.writeln(Foo.constructor === Function); // true // 由构造函数实例化一个obj对象 var obj = new Foo(); document.writeln(obj.constructor === Foo); // true // 将上面两段代码合起来,就得到下面的结论 document.writeln(obj.constructor.constructor === Function); // true
但是当constructor遇到prototype时,有趣的事情就发生了。 我们知道每个函数都有一个默认的属性prototype, 而这个prototype的constructor默认指向这个函数。如下例所示: Java代码 function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype.getName = function() { return this.name; }; var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Person);// true document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true // 将上两行代码合并就得到如下结果 document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype.getName = function() { return this.name; }; var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Person);// true document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true // 将上两行代码合并就得到如下结果 document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true 当时当我们重新定义函数的prototype时(注意:和上例的区别,这里不是修改而是覆盖), constructor属性的行为就有点奇怪了,如下示例: Java代码 function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype = { getName: function() { return this.name; } }; var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Person); // false document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // false function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype = { getName: function() { return this.name; } }; var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Person); // false document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // false 为什么呢? 原来是因为覆盖Person.prototype时,等价于进行如下代码操作: Java代码 Person.prototype = new Object({ getName: function() { return this.name; } }); Person.prototype = new Object({ getName: function() { return this.name; } }); 而constructor属性始终指向创建自身的构造函数, 所以此时Person.prototype.constructor === Object,即是: Java代码 function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype = { getName: function() { return this.name; } }; var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Object); // true document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); // true function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype = { getName: function() { return this.name; } }; var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Object); // true document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); // true 怎么修正这种问题呢?方法也很简单,重新覆盖Person.prototype.constructor即可: Java代码 function Person(name) { this.name = name; }; Person.prototype = new Object({ getName: function() { return this.name; } }); Person.prototype.constructor = Person; // 如此也可以 /* Person.prototype = new Object({ constructor:Person, getName: function() { return this.name; } }); Person.prototype = { constructor:Person, getName: function() { return this.name; } }; */ var p = new Person("ZhangSan"); document.writeln(p.constructor === Person); // true document.writeln(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true document.writeln(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); // true