文件监视: C# and Java

最近我们组的Mr.S同学到别的项目组里面支援C#去了,

我也借了这个机会多了解了解C#. 这篇blog讨论的文件监视问题也是从这一过程中衍生出来的.

 

01 C#的文件监视

 

C#里面有这样一个类:FileSystemWatche. 他可以用来监视文件系统的变化.

他是对mfc的一个封装,C++ native Develop可以直接调用底层的API, 估计Everything就是这么做的.

微软这套东西的好处一定是:

跟操作系统集成得好, 文件有变化的时候系统会通知我们的程序.

我们的程序也不用总是去轮询.

 

msdn里面的资源还是很丰富,有这样一个例子,很好得展示了这个类的用法:

 

public class Watcher
{

    public static void Main()
    {
    Run();

    }

    [PermissionSet(SecurityAction.Demand, Name="FullTrust")]
    public static void Run()
    {
        string[] args = System.Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();

        // If a directory is not specified, exit program.
        if(args.Length != 2)
        {
            // Display the proper way to call the program.
            Console.WriteLine("Usage: Watcher.exe (directory)");
            return;
        }

        // Create a new FileSystemWatcher and set its properties.
        FileSystemWatcher watcher = new FileSystemWatcher();
        watcher.Path = args[1];
        /* Watch for changes in LastAccess and LastWrite times, and
           the renaming of files or directories. */
        watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastAccess | NotifyFilters.LastWrite
           | NotifyFilters.FileName | NotifyFilters.DirectoryName;
        // Only watch text files.
        watcher.Filter = "*.txt";

        // Add event handlers.
        watcher.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
        watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
        watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);
        watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(OnRenamed);

        // Begin watching.
        watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

        // Wait for the user to quit the program.
        Console.WriteLine("Press \'q\' to quit the sample.");
        while(Console.Read()!='q');
    }

    // Define the event handlers.
    private static void OnChanged(object source, FileSystemEventArgs e)
    {
        // Specify what is done when a file is changed, created, or deleted.
       Console.WriteLine("File: " +  e.FullPath + " " + e.ChangeType);
    }

    private static void OnRenamed(object source, RenamedEventArgs e)
    {
        // Specify what is done when a file is renamed.
        Console.WriteLine("File: {0} renamed to {1}", e.OldFullPath, e.FullPath);
    }
}

 

 

02 Java的文件监视

 

对"java文件监视"这一功能的需求最初源自于这样一个用例:

一些程序会以ftp的方式向服务器传送一些文件,

如果Client不在每次上传完文件之后,主动调用以通知服务器变更,同时Server端还想即使得知ftp上文件的变化情况.

那么就得在Server端实现ftp文件变化监视这一功能.

 

而这一功能可以通过Apache Commons Virtual File System 来实现.

虽然vsf的可以实现这一需求, 然而他的功能却不局限于此, 相信看他的名字也能看出来.

他的目的是帮助我们透明的方式操作不同的文件系统(通过它提供的抽象来搬到这一点)

 

也因此, 监视ftp上文件变化情况的代码, 完全也已用来监视windows上的文件变化情况.

 

他目前所支持的系统详见这里:Supported File Systems

包括压缩文件,网络文件,CIFS文件,内存文件等等,

我的印象中还支持csv,svn之类....但是刚才看了一下,ms官网上没有记载, 可能是我记错了.

 

不罗嗦了, vfs监视ftp/windows folder的代码可以像下面这样:

 

import java.io.File;

import org.apache.commons.vfs.FileChangeEvent;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.FileListener;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.FileName;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.FileObject;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.FileSystemException;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.FileSystemManager;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.VFS;
import org.apache.commons.vfs.impl.DefaultFileMonitor;

public class TestMonitor {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		FileSystemManager fsManager = null;
		FileObject listendir = null;
		try {
			fsManager = VFS.getManager();
			//monitor path: ftp
			listendir = fsManager.resolveFile("ftp://psv:psv@172.17.95.171/incoming/");
			//monitor path: windows folder
			//listendir = fsManager.resolveFile(new File("C:\\a").getAbsolutePath());
		} catch (FileSystemException e) {
			System.out.println("Error Occured.");
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		DefaultFileMonitor fm = new DefaultFileMonitor(new FileListener() {
			public void fileCreated(FileChangeEvent event) throws Exception {
				monitor(event);
			}

			public void fileDeleted(FileChangeEvent event) throws Exception {
				monitor(event);
			}

			public void fileChanged(FileChangeEvent event) throws Exception {
				monitor(event);
			}

			private void monitor(FileChangeEvent event) {
				FileObject fileObject = event.getFile();
				FileName fileName = fileObject.getName();
				if (fileName.getBaseName().endsWith(".txt")) {
					//reload();
					System.out.println("File changed, and the file is: "+fileName);
				}else{
					System.out.println("A File which is not our interested type(*.txt file) changed.");
				}
			}
		});
		fm.setRecursive(true);
		fm.addFile(listendir);
		fm.start();
		Thread.sleep(50000000);
	}
}

 

 

03 其他

 

   在调查这个问题的过程中L同学告诉我有这样一个类:FileChangeListener

   原来他是apache这个包的: apache commons JCI(java compiler interface)