c++ 模板

模板函数

模板函数例子如下：

#include <iostream>

template <class T>
const T& min(const T& a, const T& b) {
	return a < b ? a : b;
}

int main() 
{
	int x = 10, y = 20;
	long xLong = 100, yLong = 200;
	int minimum = min<int>(x, y);
	long minimumLong = min<long>(xLong,yLong);
	std::cout << "minimum = " << minimum << std::endl;
	std::cout << "minimumLong = " << minimumLong << std::endl;
}

模板函数也能向普通函数一样声明为inline的,需要特殊说明的是其需要注意inline关键字的位置,不能将关键字放到template的前面如下所示：

template <class T>

inline const T& min(const T& a,const T& b) {

但不能这样：

inline template <class T>

const T& min(const T& a, constT& b) {

模板类

模板类的示例代码如下：

template <class T>
class Complx {
private:
	T real, imag;
public:
	Complx(T&, T&);
	T& getReal();
	T& getImag();
};

template <class T>
Complx<T>::Complx(T& a, T& b) {
	real = a;
	imag = b;
}

template <class T>
T& Complx<T>::getReal() {
	return real;
}

template <class T>
T& Complx<T>::getImag() {
	return imag;
}

#include <iostream>

int main() 
{
	double i=100, j=200;
	Complx <double> myComplx(i,j);

	std::cout <<"My complex is " << myComplx.getReal() << ","
		<< myComplx.getImag() << std::endl;
}