本篇介绍如何使用 MySQL 的 JOIN 在两个或多个表中查询数据。
JOIN 按照功能大致分为如下三类:
- INNER JOIN(内连接,或等值连接):获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录。
- LEFT JOIN(左连接):获取左表所有记录,即使右表没有对应匹配的记录。
- RIGHT JOIN(右连接): 与 LEFT JOIN 相反,用于获取右表所有记录,即使左表没有对应匹配的记录。
在命令提示符中使用 INNER JOIN
在RUNOOB数据库中建立两张表 tcount_tbl 和 runoob_tbl。两张数据表数据如下:
MariaDB [RUNOOB]> SELECT * from runoob_tbl;
+-----------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+
| 1 | Learn PHP | John Poul | 2007-05-24 |
| 2 | Learn MySQL | Abdul S | 2007-05-24 |
| 3 | JAVA Tutorial | Sanjay | 2007-05-06 |
+-----------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [RUNOOB]> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl;
+---------------+--------------+
| runoob_author | runoob_count |
+---------------+--------------+
| mahran | 20 |
| mahran | NULL |
| Jen | NULL |
| Gill | 20 |
| John Poul | 1 |
| Sanjay | 1 |
+---------------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
接下来使用MySQL的INNER JOIN(也可以省略 INNER 使用 JOIN,效果一样)来连接以上两张表,来读取runoob_tbl表中所有runoob_author字段在tcount_tbl表对应的runoob_count字段值:
MariaDB [RUNOOB]> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl aINNER JOINtcount_tbl bON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| 1 | John Poul | 1
| 3 | Sanjay | 1 |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上 SQL 语句等价于:
MariaDB [RUNOOB]> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a, tcount_tbl bWHERE a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| 1 | John Poul | 1 |
| 3 | Sanjay | 1 |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在命令提示符中使用 LEFT JOIN
MySQL left join 与 join 有所不同。 MySQL LEFT JOIN 会读取左边数据表的全部数据,即便右边表无对应数据。
以 runoob_tbl 为左表,tcount_tbl 为右表,掌握MySQL LEFT JOIN的应用:
MariaDB [RUNOOB]> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl aLEFT JOINtcount_tbl bON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| 1 | John Poul | 1 |
| 3 | Sanjay | 1 |
| 2 | Abdul S | NULL |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上实例中使用了LEFT JOIN,该语句会读取左边的数据表runoob_tbl的所有选取的字段数据,即便在右表tcount_tbl中没有对应的runoob_author字段值。
在命令提示符中使用 RIGHT JOIN
MySQL RIGHT JOIN 会读取右边数据表的全部数据,即便左边边表无对应数据。
以 tcount_tbl 为左表,runoob_tbl 为右表,掌握MySQL RIGHT JOIN的应用:
MariaDB [RUNOOB]> SELECT b.runoob_id, b.runoob_author, a.runoob_count FROM tcount_tblaRIGHT JOINrunoob_tbl bON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
| 1 | John Poul | 1 |
| 3 | Sanjay | 1 |
| 2 | Abdul S | NULL |
+-----------+---------------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上实例中使用了 RIGHT JOIN,该语句会读取右边的数据表 runoob_tbl的所有选取的字段数据,即便在左侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的runoob_author字段值。
在PHP脚本中使用JOIN
PHP 中使用mysql_query()函数来执行SQL语句,可以使用以上的相同的SQL语句作为mysql_query()函数的参数。
尝试如下实例:
<?php
$dbhost ='localhost:3036';
$dbuser ='root';
$dbpass ='rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: '. mysql_error());
}
$sql ='SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author';
mysql_select_db('RUNOOB');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not get data: '. mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "Author:{$row['runoob_author']} <br> ".
"Count: {$row['runoob_count']} <br> ".
"Tutorial ID: {$row['runoob_id']} <br> ".
"--------------------------------<br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>