菜单和其他资源(2)之创建自己的菜单

菜单可能是Windows程序提供的一致的用户界面中最重要的部分，而想程序中添加菜单是Windows编程中相对容易的布冯。当用户选择菜单单选时，Windows向你的程序发送了一个含有才菜单单选ID的WM_COMMAND消息

LOWORD(wParam)	控件ＩＤ
HIWORD(wParam)	通知码
lParam	子窗口句柄

创建菜单有三种方法；

１用WNDCLASS定义

wndclass.lpszMenuName=szAppName;//I don't konw what the fucking is?在VC++6.0和VS2008竟然不显示

2使用LoadMenu获取hMenu,然后在CreateWindow倒数第三个参数写上hMenu

hMenu=LoadMenu(hInstance,TEXT("MyMenu"));
hwnd=CreateWindow(//倒数第三个参数hMenu)

3第三种方法和第二种方法一样:

hMenu=LoadMenu(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(MENUID));
hwnd=CreateWindow(//倒数第三个参数hMenu);

具体步骤跟创建自己的ICON差不多；
1新建Windows32项目，编写好自己的.cpp文件
2在项目名称那里右键添加资源(.rc)，然后resource.h头文件也会自己创建
3在Resource文件夹右键，添加资源(Menu)

4然后在图形界面里面编辑选项和ID，重命名就行了
5运行

下面看一段简单的程序：

#include<windows.h>
#include"resource.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
  HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
  UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
  WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
  LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
);

int WINAPI WinMain(
  HINSTANCE hInstance,      // handle to current instance
  HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,  // handle to previous instance
  LPSTR lpCmdLine,          // command line
  int nCmdShow              // show state
)
{
	static TCHAR szAppName[]=TEXT("MENUDEMO");
	HWND hwnd;
	WNDCLASS wndclass;
	MSG msg;
	HMENU hMenu;

	wndclass.cbClsExtra=0;
	wndclass.cbWndExtra=0;
	wndclass.hbrBackground=(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wndclass.hCursor=LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
	wndclass.hIcon=LoadIcon(NULL,IDI_ERROR);
	wndclass.hInstance=hInstance;
	wndclass.lpfnWndProc=WindowProc;
	wndclass.lpszClassName=szAppName;
	wndclass.lpszMenuName=NULL;
	wndclass.style=CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;

	if(!RegisterClass(&wndclass))
	{
		MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("the program require the window nt"),TEXT("TIPS "),MB_ICONERROR);
		return 0;
	}
	
	hMenu=LoadMenu(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(MENUDEMO));

	hwnd=CreateWindow(
	  szAppName,  // registered class name
	  TEXT("this is title"), // window name
	  WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,        // window style
	  CW_USEDEFAULT,                // horizontal position of window
	  CW_USEDEFAULT,                // vertical position of window
	  CW_USEDEFAULT,           // window width
	  CW_USEDEFAULT,          // window height
	  NULL,      // handle to parent or owner window
	  hMenu,          // menu handle or child identifier
	  hInstance,  // handle to application instance
	  NULL       // window-creation data
);

	//SetMenu(hwnd,hMenu);
	ShowWindow(hwnd,nCmdShow);
	UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	while(GetMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0))
	{
		TranslateMessage(&msg);
		DispatchMessage(&msg);
	}

	return msg.wParam;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
  HWND hwnd,      // handle to window
  UINT uMsg,      // message identifier
  WPARAM wParam,  // first message parameter
  LPARAM lParam   // second message parameter
)
{
	HDC hdc;
	PAINTSTRUCT ps;
	RECT rect;

	switch(uMsg)
	{
	case WM_CREATE:
		return 0;

	case WM_PAINT:
		GetClientRect(hwnd,&rect);
		hdc=BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
		
		EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
		return 0;

	case WM_COMMAND:
		switch(LOWORD(wParam))
		{
		case ID_FILE_NEW:
			MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("你选择了new"),TEXT("提示"),MB_OK);
			break;
			
		case ID_FILE_EXIT:
			MessageBeep(MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
			SendMessage(hwnd,WM_CLOSE,0,0);
			break;

		case ID_FILE_OPEN:
			MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("你选择了Open"),TEXT("提示"),MB_OK);
			break;

		case ID_FILE_SAVE:
			MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("你选择了Save"),TEXT("提示"),MB_OK);
			break;

		case ID_FILE_SAVEAS:
			MessageBox(NULL,TEXT("你选择了Save_As"),TEXT("提示"),MB_OK);
			break;
		}
		return 0;

	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		return 0;
	}

	return DefWindowProc(hwnd,uMsg,wParam,lParam);
}

效果如下

还有一段：

/*-----------------------------------------
   MENUDEMO.C -- Menu Demonstration
                 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998
  -----------------------------------------*/
 
#include <windows.h>
#include "resource.h"

#define ID_TIMER 1

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("MenuDemo") ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     HWND     hwnd ;
     MSG      msg ;
     WNDCLASS wndclass ;
     
     wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = szAppName ;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
     
     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Menu Demonstration"),
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
                          NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
     
     ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
     
     while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     static int idColor [5] = { WHITE_BRUSH,  LTGRAY_BRUSH, GRAY_BRUSH,
                                DKGRAY_BRUSH, BLACK_BRUSH } ;
     static int iSelection = IDM_BKGND_WHITE ;
     HMENU      hMenu ;
     
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_COMMAND:
          hMenu = GetMenu (hwnd) ;
          
          switch (LOWORD (wParam))
          {
          case IDM_FILE_NEW:
          case IDM_FILE_OPEN:
          case IDM_FILE_SAVE:
          case IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS:
               MessageBeep (0) ;
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_APP_EXIT:
               SendMessage (hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0) ;
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_EDIT_UNDO:
          case IDM_EDIT_CUT:
          case IDM_EDIT_COPY:
          case IDM_EDIT_PASTE:
          case IDM_EDIT_CLEAR:
               MessageBeep (0) ;
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_BKGND_WHITE:         // Note: Logic below
          case IDM_BKGND_LTGRAY:        //   assumes that IDM_WHITE
          case IDM_BKGND_GRAY:          //   through IDM_BLACK are
          case IDM_BKGND_DKGRAY:        //   consecutive numbers in
          case IDM_BKGND_BLACK:         //   the order shown here.
               
               CheckMenuItem (hMenu, iSelection, MF_UNCHECKED) ;
               iSelection = LOWORD (wParam) ;
               CheckMenuItem (hMenu, iSelection, MF_CHECKED) ;
               
               SetClassLong (hwnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG) 
                    GetStockObject 
                             (idColor [LOWORD (wParam) - IDM_BKGND_WHITE])) ;
               
               InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ;
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_TIMER_START:
               if (SetTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER, 1000, NULL))
               {
                    EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_START, MF_GRAYED) ;
                    EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_STOP,  MF_ENABLED) ;
               }
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_TIMER_STOP:
               KillTimer (hwnd, ID_TIMER) ;
               EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_START, MF_ENABLED) ;
               EnableMenuItem (hMenu, IDM_TIMER_STOP,  MF_GRAYED) ;
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_APP_HELP:
               MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Help not yet implemented!"),
                           szAppName, MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK) ;
               return 0 ;
               
          case IDM_APP_ABOUT:
               MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Menu Demonstration Program\n")
                                 TEXT ("(c) Charles Petzold, 1998"),
                           szAppName, MB_ICONINFORMATION | MB_OK) ;
               return 0 ;
          }
          break ;
          
     case WM_TIMER:
          MessageBeep (0) ;
          return 0 ;
               
     case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}

效果：

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