Java Modifiers

Java Modifiers 大体可以分为两类：

     1) Access modifiers : public, protected, default, private

     2) Non- Access modifiers : strictfp, final and abstract

        Below are the modifiers for key word class:
       1.public: The class can be used anywhere

       2.abstract: The class is an abstract class and no instance of it can be generated

       3.final: The class cannot be inherited

       4.strictfp(strict floating point): Make the floating-point arithmetic in the class evaluated strictly. This ensures the interoperability of the floating-point calculation.

 

The following table shows what Access Modifiers are appropriate for classes, nested classes, member variables, and methods:

	Class	Nested class	Method, or Member variable	Interface	Interface method signature
public	visible from anywhere	same as its class	same as its class	visible from anywhere	visible from anywhere
protected	N/A	its class and its subclass	its class and its subclass, and from its package	N/A	N/A
package (default)	only from its package	only from its package	only from its package	only from its package	N/A, default is public
private	N/A	only from its class	only from its class	N/A	N/A

If a class has public visibility, the class can be referenced by anywhere in the program. If a class has package visibility, the class can be referenced only in the package where the class is defined. If a class has private visibility, (it can happen only if the class is defined nested in an other class) the class can be accessed only in the outer class.

If a variable is defined in a public class and it has public visibility, the variable can be reference anywhere in the application through the class it is defined in. If a variable has package visibility, the variable can be referenced only in the same package through the class it is defined in. If a variable has private visibility, the variable can be accessed only in the class it is defined in.

If a method is defined in a public class and it has public visibility, the method can be called anywhere in the application through the class it is defined in. If a method has package visibility, the method can be called only in the same package through the class it is defined in. If a method has private visibility, the method can be called only in the class it is defined in.