二叉树的递归和非递归遍历

本文系转载
二叉树的递归和非递归遍历

//节点树
public class Node {
	private char key;
	private Node left, right;

	public Node(char key) {
		this(key, null, null);
	}

	public Node(char key, Node left, Node right) {
		this.key = key;
		this.left = left;
		this.right = right;
	}

	public char getKey() {
		return key;
	}

	public void setKey(char key) {
		this.key = key;
	}

	public Node getLeft() {
		return left;
	}

	public void setLeft(Node left) {
		this.left = left;
	}

	public Node getRight() {
		return right;
	}

	public void setRight(Node right) {
		this.right = right;
	}
}

import java.util.Stack;

public class BinaryTree {
	protected Node root;

	public BinaryTree(Node root) {
		this.root = root;
	}

	public Node getRoot() {
		return root;
	}

	/** 构造树 */
	public static Node init() {
		Node a = new Node('A');
		Node b = new Node('B', null, a);
		Node c = new Node('C');
		Node d = new Node('D', b, c);
		Node e = new Node('E');
		Node f = new Node('F', e, null);
		Node g = new Node('G', null, f);
		Node h = new Node('H', d, g);
		return h;// root
	}
	/** 访问节点 */
	public static void visit(Node p) {
		System.out.print(p.getKey() + " ");
	}
	/**--------------递归实现----------------------*/
	/** 递归实现前序遍历 */
	protected static void preorder(Node p) {
		if (p != null) {
			visit(p);
			preorder(p.getLeft());
			preorder(p.getRight());
		}
	}
	/** 递归实现中序遍历 */
	protected static void inorder(Node p) {
		if (p != null) {
			inorder(p.getLeft());
			visit(p);
			inorder(p.getRight());
		}
	}
	/** 递归实现后序遍历 */
	protected static void postorder(Node p) {
		if (p != null) {
			postorder(p.getLeft());
			postorder(p.getRight());
			visit(p);
		}
	}
	/**---------------非递归实现-----------------------*/
	/** 非递归实现前序遍历 */
	protected static void iterativePreorder(Node p) {
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
		if (p != null) {
			stack.push(p);
			while (!stack.empty()) {
				p = stack.pop();
				visit(p);
				if (p.getRight() != null)
					stack.push(p.getRight());
				if (p.getLeft() != null)
					stack.push(p.getLeft());
			}
		}
	}
	/** 非递归实现前序遍历2 */
	protected static void iterativePreorder2(Node p) {
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
		Node node = p;
		while (node != null || stack.size() > 0) {
			while (node != null) {// 压入所有的左节点，压入前访问它
				visit(node);
				stack.push(node);
				node = node.getLeft();
			}
			if (stack.size() > 0) {//
				node = stack.pop();
				node = node.getRight();
			}
		}
	}
	/** 非递归实现中序遍历2 */
	protected static void iterativeInorder2(Node p) {
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
		Node node = p;
		while (node != null || stack.size() > 0) {
			while (node != null) {
				stack.push(node);
				node = node.getLeft();
			}
			if (stack.size() > 0) {
				node = stack.pop();
				visit(node);
				node = node.getRight();
			}
		}
	}
	/** 非递归实现后序遍历 */
	protected static void iterativePostorder(Node p) {
		Node q = p;
		Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
		while (p != null) {
			// 左子树入栈
			for (; p.getLeft() != null; p = p.getLeft())
				stack.push(p);
			// 当前节点无右子或右子已经输出
			while (p != null && (p.getRight() == null || p.getRight() == q)) {
				visit(p);
				q = p;// 记录上一个已输出节点
				if (stack.empty())
					return;
				p = stack.pop();
			}
			// 处理右子
			stack.push(p);
			p = p.getRight();
		}
	}
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(init());
		System.out.print(" Pre-Order:");
		preorder(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("  In-Order:");
		inorder(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("Post-Order:");
		postorder(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print(" Pre-Order:");
		iterativePreorder(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("Pre-Order2:");
		iterativePreorder2(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print(" In-Order2:");
		iterativeInorder2(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print(" Post-Order:");
		iterativePostorder(tree.getRoot());
		System.out.println();
	}
}