继承和抽象类中提到过,子类与父类的方法间有这些关系:
子类直接使用父类方法(但是必须父类方法是public或protected类型);
子类的方法覆盖父类方法(override);
子类的方法重载父类方法(overload);
看下面这种情况:
public class YSchool
{
private int id = 0;
private string name = string.Empty;
public int ID
{
get
{
return this.id;
}
}
public string Name
{
get
{
return name;
}
}
public YSchool()
{
this.id = 0;
this.name = @"清华大学附中";
}
public YSchool(int id, string name)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造器
/// </summary>
public YSchool(int id)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = @"陕师大附中";
}
}
public class YTeacher
{
private int id = 0;
private string name = string.Empty;
private YSchool school = null;
private string introDuction = string.Empty;
private string imagePath = string.Empty;
public int ID
{
get
{
return id;
}
}
public string Name
{
get
{
return name;
}
}
public YSchool School
{
get
{
if (school == null)
{
school = new YSchool();
}
return school;
}
set
{
school = value;
}
}
public string IntroDuction
{
get
{
return introDuction;
}
set
{
introDuction = value;
}
}
public string ImagePath
{
get
{
return imagePath;
}
set
{
imagePath = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造器
/// </summary>
public YTeacher(int id, string name)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造器
/// </summary>
public YTeacher(int id, string name, YSchool school)
{
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.school = school;
}
/// <summary>
/// 给学生讲课的方法
/// </summary>
public void ToTeachStudents()
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 老师教育同学们: Good Good Study,Day Day Up!", this.Name));
}
/// <summary>
/// 惩罚犯错误学生的方法
/// 加virtual关键字,表示该方法可以被覆盖重写
/// </summary>
/// <param name="punishmentContent"></param>
public virtual void PunishmentStudents(string punishmentContent)
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 的{1} 老师让犯错误的学生 {2}。", this.School.Name, this.name, punishmentContent));
}
}
public class UniversityTeacher : YTeacher
{
public UniversityTeacher(int id, string name,YSchool school)
: base(id, name, school)
{
}
/// <summary>
/// 隐藏父类的同名方法,隐藏后该类只能访问隐藏后的方法,不能访问到父类的该方法了。
/// </summary>
public new void ToTeachStudents()
{
Console.WriteLine(string.Format(@"{0} 老师教育同学们:认真学习.net!", this.Name));
}
/// <summary>
/// 覆盖
/// </summary>
public override void PunishmentStudents(string punishmentContent)
{
base.PunishmentStudents(punishmentContent);//也可以不执行父类方法。
//自己的代码
}
}
using System;
namespace YYS.CSharpStudy.MainConsole
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
UniversityTeacher uTeacher = new UniversityTeacher(3, @"董边成", new YSchool(3, @"清华大学"));
//访问的是子类方法
uTeacher.ToTeachStudents();
//可以访问覆盖后的方法
uTeacher.PunishmentStudents(@"让你挂科。");
YTeacher teacher = new UniversityTeacher(3, @"董边成", new YSchool(3, @"清华大学"));
//访问不到隐藏的那个方法了
teacher.ToTeachStudents();
//可以访问覆盖后的方法
teacher.PunishmentStudents(@"跑10000米。");
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}
结果:
子类继承父类的方法,使用new修饰一个同父类方法同名,参数列表相同的新方法的过程就叫做隐藏。也就是子类隐藏了父类的这个方法。不过隐藏与覆盖不同,隐藏的方法只能通过该方法所在的类访问,如果使用父类的变量,依然访问的是被隐藏的方法。
从上面的代码中可以看到,覆盖和隐藏的区别。父类变量引用子类实例后,只能访问被隐藏的方法,而无法访问隐藏后的方法。但是都可以访问到覆盖后的方法。
还有一点就是如果想让这个方法被子类覆盖,那么父类该方法必须加上virtual。隐藏父类的方法new关键字也可以不加。隐藏一般使用的比较少,在一些特殊的情况下解决一些问题。
代码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yysyangyangyangshan/4399465