OpenCV学习笔记（六）——对XML和YAML文件实现I/O操作

1. XML、YAML文件的打开和关闭

XML\YAML文件在OpenCV中的数据结构为FileStorage，打开操作例如：

string filename = "I.xml"; FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::WRITE); \\... fs.open(filename, FileStorage::READ);
文件关闭操作会在FileStorage结构销毁时自动进行，但也可调用如下函数实现

fs.release();

2.文本和数字的输入和输出

写入文件使用 << 运算符，例如：

fs << "iterationNr" << 100;
读取文件，使用 >> 运算符，例如

int itNr; fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr; itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"];

3. OpenCV数据结构的输入和输出，和基本的C++形式相同

Mat R = Mat_<uchar >::eye (3, 3), T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 1); fs << "R" << R; // Write cv::Mat fs << "T" << T; fs["R"] >> R; // Read cv::Mat fs["T"] >> T;

4. vector（arrays） 和 maps的输入和输出

vector要注意在第一个元素前加上“[”，在最后一个元素前加上"]"。例如：

fs << "strings" << "["; // text - string sequence fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg"; fs << "]"; // close sequence
对于map结构的操作使用的符号是"{"和"}"，例如：

fs << "Mapping"; // text - mapping fs << "{" << "One" << 1; fs << "Two" << 2 << "}";
读取这些结构的时候，会用到FileNode和FileNodeIterator数据结构。对FileStorage类的[]操作符会返回FileNode数据类型，对于一连串的node，可以使用FileNodeIterator结构，例如：

FileNode n = fs["strings"]; // Read string sequence - Get node if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ) { cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl; return 1; } FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(), it_end = n.end(); // Go through the node for (; it != it_end; ++it) cout << (string)*it << endl;

5. 读写自己的数据结构

这部分比较复杂，参考最后的实例中的MyData结构自己领悟吧

最后，我这里上一个实例，供大家参考。

源文件里填入如下代码：

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp> #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace cv; using namespace std; void help(char** av) { cout << endl << av[0] << " shows the usage of the OpenCV serialization functionality." << endl << "usage: " << endl << av[0] << " outputfile.yml.gz" << endl << "The output file may be either XML (xml) or YAML (yml/yaml). You can even compress it by " << "specifying this in its extension like xml.gz yaml.gz etc... " << endl << "With FileStorage you can serialize objects in OpenCV by using the << and >> operators" << endl << "For example: - create a class and have it serialized" << endl << " - use it to read and write matrices." << endl; } class MyData { public: MyData() : A(0), X(0), id() {} explicit MyData(int) : A(97), X(CV_PI), id("mydata1234") // explicit to avoid implicit conversion {} void write(FileStorage& fs) const //Write serialization for this class { fs << "{" << "A" << A << "X" << X << "id" << id << "}"; } void read(const FileNode& node) //Read serialization for this class { A = (int)node["A"]; X = (double)node["X"]; id = (string)node["id"]; } public: // Data Members int A; double X; string id; }; //These write and read functions must be defined for the serialization in FileStorage to work void write(FileStorage& fs, const std::string&, const MyData& x) { x.write(fs); } void read(const FileNode& node, MyData& x, const MyData& default_value = MyData()){ if(node.empty()) x = default_value; else x.read(node); } // This function will print our custom class to the console ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const MyData& m) { out << "{ id = " << m.id << ", "; out << "X = " << m.X << ", "; out << "A = " << m.A << "}"; return out; } int main(int ac, char** av) { if (ac != 2) { help(av); return 1; } string filename = av[1]; { //write Mat R = Mat_<uchar>::eye(3, 3), T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 1); MyData m(1); FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::WRITE); fs << "iterationNr" << 100; fs << "strings" << "["; // text - string sequence fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg"; fs << "]"; // close sequence fs << "Mapping"; // text - mapping fs << "{" << "One" << 1; fs << "Two" << 2 << "}"; fs << "R" << R; // cv::Mat fs << "T" << T; fs << "MyData" << m; // your own data structures fs.release(); // explicit close cout << "Write Done." << endl; } {//read cout << endl << "Reading: " << endl; FileStorage fs; fs.open(filename, FileStorage::READ); int itNr; //fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr; itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"]; cout << itNr; if (!fs.isOpened()) { cerr << "Failed to open " << filename << endl; help(av); return 1; } FileNode n = fs["strings"]; // Read string sequence - Get node if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ) { cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl; return 1; } FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(), it_end = n.end(); // Go through the node for (; it != it_end; ++it) cout << (string)*it << endl; n = fs["Mapping"]; // Read mappings from a sequence cout << "Two " << (int)(n["Two"]) << "; "; cout << "One " << (int)(n["One"]) << endl << endl; MyData m; Mat R, T; fs["R"] >> R; // Read cv::Mat fs["T"] >> T; fs["MyData"] >> m; // Read your own structure_ cout << endl << "R = " << R << endl; cout << "T = " << T << endl << endl; cout << "MyData = " << endl << m << endl << endl; //Show default behavior for non existing nodes cout << "Attempt to read NonExisting (should initialize the data structure with its default)."; fs["NonExisting"] >> m; cout << endl << "NonExisting = " << endl << m << endl; } cout << endl << "Tip: Open up " << filename << " with a text editor to see the serialized data." << endl; return 0; }
编译后，在命令行进入到文件目录，执行test test.xml，运行结果如下， 生成一个test . xml文件，内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" ?> - <opencv_storage> <iterationNr>100</iterationNr> <strings>image1.jpg Awesomeness baboon.jpg</strings> - <Mapping> <One>1</One> <Two>2</Two> </Mapping> - <R type_id="opencv-matrix"> <rows>3</rows> <cols>3</cols> <dt>u</dt> <data>1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1</data> </R> - <T type_id="opencv-matrix"> <rows>3</rows> <cols>1</cols> <dt>d</dt> <data>0. 0. 0.</data> </T> - <MyData> <A>97</A> <X>3.1415926535897931e+000</X> <id>mydata1234</id> </MyData> </opencv_storage>