*iOS的单例模式
*NSUserDefault的使用
*总结
iOS的单例模式
当提起单例模式,我们想到什么懒汉式(initWith……),饿汗式(init),老汉式……。。扯远了。
在ARC诞生之前,可以通过重写allocWithZone:方法等来实现,下面是苹果官方的单例写法:
static MyGizmoClass *sharedGizmoManager = nil;
+ (MyGizmoClass*)sharedManager
{
@synchronized(self) {
if (sharedGizmoManager == nil) {
[[self alloc] init]; // assignment not done here
}
}
return sharedGizmoManager;
}
+ (id)allocWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
@synchronized(self) {
if (sharedGizmoManager == nil) {
sharedGizmoManager = [super allocWithZone:zone];
return sharedGizmoManager; // assignment and return on first allocation
}
}
return nil; //on subsequent allocation attempts return nil
}
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone
{
return self;
}
- (id)retain
{
return self;
}
- (unsigned)retainCount
{
return UINT_MAX; //denotes an object that cannot be released
}
- (void)release
{
//do nothing
}
- (id)autorelease
{
return self;
}
自从有了GCD,iOS的单例模式变得超级简单:
static id instance = nil;
+(instancetype)allocWithZone:(struct _NSZone*)zone {
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [super allocWithZone:zone];
});
return instance;
}
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance{
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [[self alloc] init];
});
return instance;
}
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
return instance;
}
注解:instance为将被实例化的对象,为了让instance只被实例化一次,用到了GCD中的dispatch_once方法。
NSUserDefault
很多APP启动时需要读取上次运行保存的一些状态,如何保存?CoreData,SQLite 就杀鸡用牛刀了,而NSUserDefaults很适用于快速读取小规模的数据
NSUserDefaults *standarDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
写入数据
NSString *string = @"hehe";
[standarDefaults setObject:string forKey:@"mykey"];
[stadarDefaults synchronize]; //写完别忘了同步
读取数据
NSString *value = [standarDefaults objectForKey:@"myKey"];
NSUserDefaults可以很好地理解成键值对,有时在写数据之前,想判断下这个键是否已经设置过默认值
NSUserDefaults *standardDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
if ([standardDefaults stringForKey:@"favoriteColor"] == nil) {
[standardDefaults setObject:@"Green" forKey:@"favoriteColor"];
[standardDefaults synchronize];
}
其实不必这么麻烦,从别人博客中啃到有个方法 registerDefaults:
NSUserDefaults *standardDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
[standardDefaults registerDefaults:@{@"favoriteColor": @"Green"}];
[standardDefaults synchronize];
每次程序启动的时候调用 registerDefault:方法都是安全的。安全可以将这个方法的调用放到 applicationDidFinishLaunching:方法中,这个方法都不会覆盖用户设置的值。但是并不是所有类型的对象都能直接放入 NSUserDefaults, NSUserDefault只支持:NSString , NSNumber, NSDate , NSArray, NSDictionary
解决办法:让这个自定义的类实现协议,举个例子:
//SNShops.h
@interface SNShops : NSObject<NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSString* sid;
@property (nonatomic,strong) NSString* name;
- (id) initWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder;
- (void) encodeWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder;
//SNShops.m
@implementation SNShops
- (id) initWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder
{
if (self = [super init])
{
self.sid = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"sid"];
self.name = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"];
}
return self;
}
- (void) encodeWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder
{
[coder encodeObject:self.sid forKey:@"sid"];
[coder encodeObject:self.name forKey:@"name"];
}
然后再存取时通过NSData 做载体存入:
NSUserDefaults *standardDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults];
SNShops *shop = [[SNShops alloc]init];
NSData *shopData = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:shop];
[standardDefaults setObject:shopData forKey:@"myshop"];
[standardDefaults synchronize];
读取
NSData *newshopData = [standardDefaults objectForKey:"myshop"];
SNShops *newshop = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:newshopData];
总结
单例模式虽然能存入任何类型的对象,但是它会随着程序的挂起而消亡。而NSUserDefaults在读取自定义类型时有些繁琐,降低编码效率和可读性,好处是程序下次启动依然能读取到上次的状态。
笔者在实际应用中采取了二者结合的模式:让单例模式的类实现协议,程序第一次启动的时候通过NSData做载体读取单例类的实例,并存入单例,程序运行中一直对单例做存储操作,当程序快要进入到后台挂起的时候,通过NSData做载体存入NSUserDefaults,一举两得。