K8s暴露服务-服务发现（三种常用方式）

一、基本概念

1、Kubernetes 暴露服务的方式:

NodePort：后期维护困难,不支持虚拟路径

LoadBlancer：需要云厂商支持,有局限性

ClusterIP：只能在集群内部访问

Ingress：灵活,无依赖

前三种方式都是在service的维度提供的，service的作用体现在两个方面，对集群内部它不断跟踪pod变化，更新endpoint中对应的pod的对象，提供IP不断变化的pod的服务发现机制；对集群外部，它类似负载均衡器，可以在集群内外对pod进行访问。但是单独使用service暴露服务的方式，在实际生产环境中不太适应。

而ingress相当于service的service，可以将外部请求通过不同规则的筛选后转发到不同的service

2、ingress与ingress-controller

ingress是k8s中的一个api对象，一般用yaml配置。作用是定义请求转发的规则，可以理解为配置模板或者配置文件。

ingress-controller是具体实现反向代理及负载均衡的程序，通过对ingress中定义的规则进行解析，根据其规则来实现转发。

ingress-controller并不是k8s自带的组件，实际上它只是一个统称，用户可以选择不同的ingress-controller来实现功能。其中由k8s官方维护的是nginx-ingress。

以下为ingress-controller.yaml文件根据本地k8s服务修改后的部署文件，主要修改内容：

1.修改国外镜像源为国内阿里云镜像源

2.添加hostNetwork网络模式

3.添加nodeName参数，我的值为 k8s-master ，此处需根据自己本地管理节点的hostname调整

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  name: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.3.0
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.3.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.3.0
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - pods
  - secrets
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resourceNames:
  - ingress-controller-leader
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resourceNames:
  - ingress-controller-leader
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.3.0
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""