静态代码检查工具对比 lint checkStyles findbugs PMD

都优先在开发过程中本地使用 ，推荐程度 ： lint > checkStyles > findbugs > PMD 

将lint配置到jenkins ,打包前检查 ，主要检查未使用资源

区别 ：

findbug ：检查JAVA类和JAR 包，发现如NPE 等问题

PMD : 检查源代码，发现如无用代码等问题

checkStyles : 按照规则，检查不符合代码规范的问题

Lint ：Android代码检查工具，发现如无用资源等问题 , 强烈推荐

刚开始使用的时候可以只针对修改的代码检查，所以大家不用排斥，30分钟就能上手

lint : 

https://developer.android.com/studio/write/lint.html?hl=zh-cn  

findbug：

FindBugs-IDEA by André Pfeiler  

PMD :

QA Plug – quality assurance plugin  

checkStyle：

https://github.com/jshiell/checkstyle-idea  

安装 ：

findBug ：安装插件 FindBugs-IDEA

PMD : 安装插件  QAPlug-PMD

checkStyles： 安装插件 CheckStyle-IDEA

Lint : Android studio 系统自带，无需安装

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========================分割线， 非作战人员无需继续===========================

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使用与分析：

Lint:

Android studio 自带代码检查工具（也是我自己最喜欢的）

配置，可自行配置检查规则以及报告等级

运行命令 ： gradlew lint  或者 点击 Analyze => inspacte code 或者其他

检查结果 ：

findbugs :

添加过滤 过滤掉R文件与测试文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<FindBugsFilter>
    <Match>
        <!-- ignore all issues in resource generation -->
        <Class name="~.*\.R\$.*"/>
    </Match>
    <Match>
        <Class name="~.*\.Manifest\$.*"/>
    </Match>
	<Match>
    <Class name="~.*\.*Test" />
    <!-- test classes are suffixed by 'Test' -->
    <Not>
        <Bug code="IJU" /> <!-- 'IJU' is the code for bugs related to JUnit test code -->
    </Not> 
</Match>
</FindBugsFilter>

分析结果 ：

每一个都会指出准确位置与原因说明，可结合业务逻辑，按需修改

checkStyle ：

配置文件： 以google checkstyle文件为例

<?xml version="1.0"?>
	<!DOCTYPE module PUBLIC
	"-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Check Configuration 1.3//EN"
	"http://checkstyle.sourceforge.net/dtds/configuration_1_3.dtd">
	<!--
	Checkstyle configuration that checks the Google coding conventions from Google Java Style
	that can be found at https://google.github.io/styleguide/javaguide.html.
	Checkstyle is very configurable. Be sure to read the documentation at
	http://checkstyle.sf.net (or in your downloaded distribution).
	To completely disable a check, just comment it out or delete it from the file.
	Authors: Max Vetrenko, Ruslan Diachenko, Roman Ivanov.
	-->
	<module name = "Checker">
	<property name="charset" value="UTF-8"/>
	<property name="severity" value="warning"/>
	<property name="fileExtensions" value="java, properties, xml"/>
	<!-- Checks for whitespace -->
	<!-- See http://checkstyle.sf.net/config_whitespace.html -->
	<module name="FileTabCharacter">
	<property name="eachLine" value="true"/>
	</module>
	<module name="TreeWalker">
	<module name="OuterTypeFilename"/>
	<module name="IllegalTokenText">
	<property name="tokens" value="STRING_LITERAL, CHAR_LITERAL"/>
	<property name="format" value="\\u00(09|0(a|A)|0(c|C)|0(d|D)|22|27|5(C|c))|\\(0(10|11|12|14|15|42|47)|134)"/>
	<property name="message" value="Consider using special escape sequence instead of octal value or Unicode escaped value."/>
	</module>
	<module name="AvoidEscapedUnicodeCharacters">
	<property name="allowEscapesForControlCharacters" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowByTailComment" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowNonPrintableEscapes" value="true"/>
	</module>
	<module name="LineLength">
	<property name="max" value="100"/>
	<property name="ignorePattern" value="^package.*|^import.*|a href|href|http://|https://|ftp://"/>
	</module>
	<module name="AvoidStarImport"/>
	<module name="OneTopLevelClass"/>
	<module name="NoLineWrap"/>
	<module name="EmptyBlock">
	<property name="option" value="TEXT"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="LITERAL_TRY, LITERAL_FINALLY, LITERAL_IF, LITERAL_ELSE, LITERAL_SWITCH"/>
	</module>
	<module name="NeedBraces"/>
	<module name="LeftCurly"/>
	<module name="RightCurly">
	<property name="id" value="RightCurlySame"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="LITERAL_TRY, LITERAL_CATCH, LITERAL_FINALLY, LITERAL_IF, LITERAL_ELSE, LITERAL_DO"/>
	</module>
	<module name="RightCurly">
	<property name="id" value="RightCurlyAlone"/>
	<property name="option" value="alone"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="CLASS_DEF, METHOD_DEF, CTOR_DEF, LITERAL_FOR, LITERAL_WHILE, STATIC_INIT, INSTANCE_INIT"/>
	</module>
	<module name="WhitespaceAround">
	<property name="allowEmptyConstructors" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowEmptyMethods" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowEmptyTypes" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowEmptyLoops" value="true"/>
	<message key="ws.notFollowed"
	value="WhitespaceAround: ''{0}'' is not followed by whitespace. Empty blocks may only be represented as '{}' when not part of a multi-block statement (4.1.3)"/>
	<message key="ws.notPreceded"
	value="WhitespaceAround: ''{0}'' is not preceded with whitespace."/>
	</module>
	<module name="OneStatementPerLine"/>
	<module name="MultipleVariableDeclarations"/>
	<module name="ArrayTypeStyle"/>
	<module name="MissingSwitchDefault"/>
	<module name="FallThrough"/>
	<module name="UpperEll"/>
	<module name="ModifierOrder"/>
	<module name="EmptyLineSeparator">
	<property name="allowNoEmptyLineBetweenFields" value="true"/>
	</module>
	<module name="SeparatorWrap">
	<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapDot"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="DOT"/>
	<property name="option" value="nl"/>
	</module>
	<module name="SeparatorWrap">
	<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapComma"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="COMMA"/>
	<property name="option" value="EOL"/>
	</module>
	<module name="SeparatorWrap">
	<!-- ELLIPSIS is EOL until https://github.com/google/styleguide/issues/258 -->
	<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapEllipsis"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="ELLIPSIS"/>
	<property name="option" value="EOL"/>
	</module>
	<module name="SeparatorWrap">
	<!-- ARRAY_DECLARATOR is EOL until https://github.com/google/styleguide/issues/259 -->
	<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapArrayDeclarator"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="ARRAY_DECLARATOR"/>
	<property name="option" value="EOL"/>
	</module>
	<module name="SeparatorWrap">
	<property name="id" value="SeparatorWrapMethodRef"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="METHOD_REF"/>
	<property name="option" value="nl"/>
	</module>
	<module name="PackageName">
	<property name="format" value="^[a-z]+(\.[a-z][a-z0-9]*)*$"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Package name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="TypeName">
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="MemberName">
	<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*$"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Member name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="ParameterName">
	<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Parameter name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="CatchParameterName">
	<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Catch parameter name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="LocalVariableName">
	<property name="tokens" value="VARIABLE_DEF"/>
	<property name="format" value="^[a-z]([a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9]*)?$"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Local variable name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="ClassTypeParameterName">
	<property name="format" value="(^[A-Z][0-9]?)$|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[T]$)"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Class type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="MethodTypeParameterName">
	<property name="format" value="(^[A-Z][0-9]?)$|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[T]$)"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Method type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="InterfaceTypeParameterName">
	<property name="format" value="(^[A-Z][0-9]?)$|([A-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*[T]$)"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Interface type name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="NoFinalizer"/>
	<module name="GenericWhitespace">
	<message key="ws.followed"
	value="GenericWhitespace ''{0}'' is followed by whitespace."/>
	<message key="ws.preceded"
	value="GenericWhitespace ''{0}'' is preceded with whitespace."/>
	<message key="ws.illegalFollow"
	value="GenericWhitespace ''{0}'' should followed by whitespace."/>
	<message key="ws.notPreceded"
	value="GenericWhitespace ''{0}'' is not preceded with whitespace."/>
	</module>
	<module name="Indentation">
	<property name="basicOffset" value="2"/>
	<property name="braceAdjustment" value="0"/>
	<property name="caseIndent" value="2"/>
	<property name="throwsIndent" value="4"/>
	<property name="lineWrappingIndentation" value="4"/>
	<property name="arrayInitIndent" value="2"/>
	</module>
	<module name="AbbreviationAsWordInName">
	<property name="ignoreFinal" value="false"/>
	<property name="allowedAbbreviationLength" value="1"/>
	</module>
	<module name="OverloadMethodsDeclarationOrder"/>
	<module name="VariableDeclarationUsageDistance"/>
	<module name="CustomImportOrder">
	<property name="sortImportsInGroupAlphabetically" value="true"/>
	<property name="separateLineBetweenGroups" value="true"/>
	<property name="customImportOrderRules" value="STATIC###THIRD_PARTY_PACKAGE"/>
	</module>
	<module name="MethodParamPad"/>
	<module name="NoWhitespaceBefore">
	<property name="tokens" value="COMMA, SEMI, POST_INC, POST_DEC, DOT, ELLIPSIS, METHOD_REF"/>
	<property name="allowLineBreaks" value="true"/>
	</module>
	<module name="ParenPad"/>
	<module name="OperatorWrap">
	<property name="option" value="NL"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="BAND, BOR, BSR, BXOR, DIV, EQUAL, GE, GT, LAND, LE, LITERAL_INSTANCEOF, LOR, LT, MINUS, MOD, NOT_EQUAL, PLUS, QUESTION, SL, SR, STAR, METHOD_REF "/>
	</module>
	<module name="AnnotationLocation">
	<property name="id" value="AnnotationLocationMostCases"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="CLASS_DEF, INTERFACE_DEF, ENUM_DEF, METHOD_DEF, CTOR_DEF"/>
	</module>
	<module name="AnnotationLocation">
	<property name="id" value="AnnotationLocationVariables"/>
	<property name="tokens" value="VARIABLE_DEF"/>
	<property name="allowSamelineMultipleAnnotations" value="true"/>
	</module>
	<module name="NonEmptyAtclauseDescription"/>
	<module name="JavadocTagContinuationIndentation"/>
	<module name="SummaryJavadoc">
	<property name="forbiddenSummaryFragments" value="^@return the *|^This method returns |^A [{]@code [a-zA-Z0-9]+[}]( is a )"/>
	</module>
	<module name="JavadocParagraph"/>
	<module name="AtclauseOrder">
	<property name="tagOrder" value="@param, @return, @throws, @deprecated"/>
	<property name="target" value="CLASS_DEF, INTERFACE_DEF, ENUM_DEF, METHOD_DEF, CTOR_DEF, VARIABLE_DEF"/>
	</module>
	<module name="JavadocMethod">
	<property name="scope" value="public"/>
	<property name="allowMissingParamTags" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowMissingThrowsTags" value="true"/>
	<property name="allowMissingReturnTag" value="true"/>
	<property name="minLineCount" value="2"/>
	<property name="allowedAnnotations" value="Override, Test"/>
	<property name="allowThrowsTagsForSubclasses" value="true"/>
	</module>
	<module name="MethodName">
	<property name="format" value="^[a-z][a-z0-9][a-zA-Z0-9_]*$"/>
	<message key="name.invalidPattern"
	value="Method name ''{0}'' must match pattern ''{1}''."/>
	</module>
	<module name="SingleLineJavadoc">
	<property name="ignoreInlineTags" value="false"/>
	</module>
	<module name="EmptyCatchBlock">
	<property name="exceptionVariableName" value="expected"/>
	</module>
	<module name="CommentsIndentation"/>
	</module>
	</module>

检查结果示例 ：

PMD ：

添加gradle 任务

apply plugin: 'pmd'

task pmd(type: Pmd) {
    ignoreFailures = false
    ruleSetFiles = files("$configDir/PMDRules.xml")
    ruleSets = []

    source 'src'
    include '**/*.java'
    exclude '**/gen/**'
    exclude 'androidTest/**'
    exclude 'test/**'

    reports {
        xml.enabled = false
        html.enabled = true
        xml {
            destination "$reportsDir/pmd/pmd.xml"
        }
        html {
            destination "$reportsDir/pmd/pmd.html"
        }
    }
}

配置文件：

添加过滤 过滤掉R文件与测试文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<ruleset xsi:schemaLocation="http://pmd.sf.net/ruleset/1.0.0 http://pmd.sf.net/ruleset_xml_schema.xsd" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://pmd.sf.net/ruleset_xml_schema.xsd" xmlns="http://pmd.sf.net/ruleset/1.0.0" name="Android Application Rules" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<description>Custom ruleset for Android application</description>
<exclude-pattern>.*/R.java</exclude-pattern>
<exclude-pattern>.*/gen/.*</exclude-pattern>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/android.xml"/>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/clone.xml"/>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/finalizers.xml"/>
-<rule ref="rulesets/java/imports.xml">
<!-- Espresso is designed this way !-->
<exclude name="TooManyStaticImports"/>
</rule>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/logging-java.xml"/>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/braces.xml"/>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/strings.xml"/>
<rule ref="rulesets/java/basic.xml"/>
-<rule ref="rulesets/java/naming.xml">
<exclude name="AbstractNaming"/>
<exclude name="LongVariable"/>
<exclude name="ShortMethodName"/>
<exclude name="ShortVariable"/>
<exclude name="VariableNamingConventions"/>
</rule>
</ruleset>

分析结果 ：结果不太友好，阅读困难，结果未做分类