图像处理基本方法-在BMP图片上画矩形-纯c语言实现

图像处理基本方法-在BMP图片上画矩形-纯c语言实现

之前使用过c语言调用opencv实现在bmp图片上画矩形功能。

这次决定抛开opencv库，仅使用c语言完成该功能。

主要代码思路，根据设置的矩形的起点和终点的坐标，循环遍历这两个坐标组合成的矩形图形，并设置这些矩形图形上的点的RGB颜色为设置的RGB的值。

绘制矩形的代码

    for (i = iStartY; i <= iEndY; i++) 
    { 
        for (j = iStartX; j<= iEndX; j++) 
        {
            if(i == iStartY || j == iStartX || i == iEndY || j== iEndX)
            {
                int ntmp = (iHeight -1 -  i)*iBmpBit*iWidth + (j )*iBmpBit;
                if(ntmp >= 0 && ntmp <= iBmpSize)
                {
                    ptnBufRead[ntmp + 0] = u8B;
                    ptnBufRead[ntmp + 1] = u8G;
                    ptnBufRead[ntmp + 2] = u8R;
                }
            }
        }
    }

实现代码

/*******************************************************
* file:testRectangle.c
* date:2021-06-06
* version:1.0.0.1
* author:jack8126
* description: bmp file, draw a rectangular picture
*******************************************************/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <string.h>

#define PRINT_CTRL		 	1

typedef unsigned char       WORD8;       /* 8位无符号整型   */
typedef unsigned short      WORD16; 	 /* 16位无符号整型  */
typedef unsigned int        WORD32; 	 /* 32位无符号整型  */
typedef unsigned char       BYTE;        /* 8位无符号整型   */
typedef signed int          INT;         /* 32位有符号整型   */
typedef signed char         CHAR;        /* 8位有符号字符型  */		
typedef signed long         LONG;        /* 32位有符号长整型 */
typedef unsigned long       uLONG;       /* 32位无符号长整型 */
typedef signed short	    SHORT;       /* 16位有符号整型  */
typedef void                *LPVOID;     /* 空类型           */
typedef unsigned char       BOOLEAN;     /* 布尔类型        */

#pragma pack(push)
#pragma pack(1)


typedef struct INFOHEADER  
{   
    WORD32 biSize;   
    WORD32 biWidth;   
    WORD32 biHeight;   
    WORD16 biPlanes;   
    WORD16 biBitCount;   
    WORD32 biCompression;   
    WORD32 biSizeImage;   
    WORD32 biXPelsPerMeter;   
    WORD32 biYPelsPerMeter;   
    WORD32 biClrUsed;   
    WORD32 biClrImportant;   
}BITMAPINFOHEADER; 

typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER
{
    WORD16 bfType; 
    WORD32 bfSize;
    WORD16 bfReserved1;
    WORD16 bfReserved2;
    WORD32 bfOffBits;
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
#pragma pack(pop)


int bmpRectangleProccess(char u8PicNameiIn[], char u8PicNameOut[], INT iStartX, INT iStartY, INT iEndX, INT iEndY, BYTE u8R, BYTE u8G, BYTE u8B)
{
    INT ptn1Fd;
	
    INT fileLong = 0;
	
    BITMAPFILEHEADER bmp_file_header_save = {0};
    BITMAPINFOHEADER bmp_info_header_save = {0};
	
    //FILE* fdRead = NULL;
    FILE* fdWrite = NULL;
	
    int bmpSize = 0;

    INT nWriteLen = 0;
    BYTE *ptnBufRead = NULL;
    INT readLen = 0;
	
    INT i = 0;
    INT j = 0;

    INT iWidth = 0;
    INT iHeight = 0;
    INT iBmpBit = 3;
    int iBmpSize = 0;
    
    if ((access(u8PicNameiIn, F_OK))!= 0)
    {		
        printf("%s not found\n", u8PicNameiIn);
        return -1;
    }

    // read bmp input file
    ptn1Fd = open(u8PicNameiIn, O_RDONLY);
    printf("open file name %s ptn1Fd %d \n",u8PicNameiIn,ptn1Fd);
    if (ptn1Fd < 0)
    {
        printf("open %s error\n", u8PicNameiIn);
        return 1;
    }

    fileLong = lseek(ptn1Fd, 0, SEEK_END);
    printf("the pic size fileLong is %d.\r\n",fileLong);

    bmpSize = fileLong - 54; 
    iBmpSize = bmpSize;
    
    lseek(ptn1Fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
    readLen = read(ptn1Fd, &bmp_file_header_save, 14);

    lseek(ptn1Fd, 14, SEEK_SET);
    readLen = read(ptn1Fd, &bmp_info_header_save, 40);
    lseek(ptn1Fd, 54, SEEK_SET);

    printf("read bmp_header.biHeight=%d,biWidth=%d\r\n",
        bmp_info_header_save.biHeight,bmp_info_header_save.biWidth); 

    nWriteLen = bmp_info_header_save.biHeight*bmp_info_header_save.biWidth*3;
    printf("nWriteLen = %d\n\r",nWriteLen);

    iWidth  = bmp_info_header_save.biWidth;
    iHeight = bmp_info_header_save.biHeight;
 
    printf("bmpSize=%d\r\n",bmpSize);
    ptnBufRead = (BYTE *)malloc(bmpSize);
    if (ptnBufRead == NULL)
    {
        printf("malloc ptnBuf failed.\r\n");
        close(ptn1Fd);
        return -1;
    }
    memset(ptnBufRead, 0, bmpSize);

    // read bmp file
    readLen = read(ptn1Fd, ptnBufRead, bmpSize);

    // draw a rectangle
    #if 1
    for (i = iStartY; i <= iEndY; i++) 
    { 
        for (j = iStartX; j<= iEndX; j++) 
        {
            if(i == iStartY || j == iStartX || i == iEndY || j== iEndX)
            {
                int ntmp = (iHeight -1 -  i)*iBmpBit*iWidth + (j )*iBmpBit;
                if(ntmp >= 0 && ntmp <= iBmpSize)
                {
                    ptnBufRead[ntmp + 0] = u8B;
                    ptnBufRead[ntmp + 1] = u8G;
                    ptnBufRead[ntmp + 2] = u8R;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    #endif
	
    // save output file
    fdWrite = fopen(u8PicNameOut, "w+");
	
    // write bmp file header
    fwrite(&bmp_file_header_save, 1, 14, fdWrite);
    fseek(fdWrite,0,SEEK_END);

    // write bmp info header
    fwrite(&bmp_info_header_save, 1, 40, fdWrite);
    //lseek(ptn1Fd, 54, SEEK_SET);
    fseek(fdWrite,0,SEEK_END);
    
    // write bmp data
    fwrite(ptnBufRead, 1, nWriteLen, fdWrite);

    // release
    if(NULL != ptnBufRead)
    {
        free(ptnBufRead);
        ptnBufRead = NULL;
    }

    if(ptn1Fd)
    {
        close(ptn1Fd);
    }

    //fclose(fdRead);

    if(fdWrite)
    {
        fclose(fdWrite);
        fdWrite = NULL;
    }

}

//主函数
int main(int argc, char * * argv)
{
    BYTE u8PicNameRead[64] = {0}; 
    BYTE u8PicNameOut[64] = {0}; 
    int iBmpBit = 3;
    int iBmpBitTmp = 0;
    struct timeval tStartTime;
    struct timeval tEndTime;
    int isecond = 0;
    int iusecond = 0;
    
    int iStartX = 0;
    int iStartY = 0;
    
    int iEndX = 0;
    int iEndY = 0;
    
    int iWidth = 0;
    int iHeigth = 0;
    
    BYTE u8R = 0;    
    BYTE u8G = 0; 
    BYTE u8B = 0; 

    if(argc < 10)
    {
        printf("please input like this:\r\n");
        printf("./testRectangle.bin test.bmp test-out.bmp 200 180 390 420 255 255 255 \r\n");
        printf("test.bmp          ---------- input file \r\n");
        printf("test-out.bmp    ----------output file \r\n");
        printf("200        --------------- start x \r\n");
        printf("180      ---------------- start y \r\n");
        printf("390      -----------------end x\r\n");
        printf("420       ---------------- end y \r\n");
        printf("255     ---------------- B \r\n");
        printf("255     ---------------- G \r\n");
        printf("255     ---------------- R \r\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("argv[1]=%s\r\n",argv[1]);
    printf("argv[2]=%s,\r\n",argv[2]);

    sprintf(u8PicNameRead,"%s",argv[1]);
    sprintf(u8PicNameOut,"%s",argv[2]);

    printf("u8PicNameRead=%s\r\n",u8PicNameRead);

   
    iStartX = atoi(argv[3]);
    iStartY = atoi(argv[4]);

    iEndX = atoi(argv[5]);
    iEndY = atoi(argv[6]);

    u8R = atoi(argv[7]);
    u8G = atoi(argv[8]);
    u8B = atoi(argv[9]);

    printf("iStartX  = %d\r\n",iStartX);
    printf("iStartY = %d\r\n",iStartY);

    printf("iEndX  = %d\r\n",iEndX);
    printf("iEndY = %d\r\n",iEndY);
    
    printf("u8R     = %d\r\n",u8R);
    printf("u8G     = %d\r\n",u8G);
    printf("u8B     = %d\r\n",u8B);

    
    gettimeofday(&tStartTime, NULL);
    //printf("tStartTime time.tv_sec = %d, time.tv_usec = %d.\r\n", tStartTime.tv_sec, tStartTime.tv_usec);

    //generateBmpFunc(u8PicNameOut,iWidth,iHeigth,NULL,iBmpBit,u8R,u8G,u8B);
    bmpRectangleProccess(u8PicNameRead,u8PicNameOut, iStartX, iStartY, iEndX,  iEndY, u8R, u8G, u8B);
	
    gettimeofday(&tEndTime, NULL);
    if(tEndTime.tv_sec >= tStartTime.tv_sec)
    {
        isecond = tEndTime.tv_sec-tStartTime.tv_sec;
    }
    if(tEndTime.tv_usec >= tStartTime.tv_usec)
    {
        iusecond = tEndTime.tv_usec-tStartTime.tv_usec;
    }
    else
    {
        isecond--;
        iusecond = tEndTime.tv_usec-tStartTime.tv_usec + 1000000;
    }
    //printf("tEndTime time.tv_sec = %d, time.tv_usec = %d.\r\n", tEndTime.tv_sec, tEndTime.tv_usec);
    printf("make rectangle use time tv_sec=%ds, ms=%d, tv_usec=%dus\r\n",isecond,iusecond/1000,iusecond);

    printf("u8PicNameOut=%s\r\n",u8PicNameOut);
    
    return 0; 
}

编译程序

编译命令如下

gcc testRectangle.c -o testRectangle.bin

执行完上述命令之后，会生成testRectangle.bin文件，后面执行程序时需要该文件。

执行程序

使用如下命令执行程序，在bmp图片上完成矩形图形的绘制。

./testRectangle.bin image.bmp image-out.bmp 200 180 390 420 0 0 255

执行完上述命令后，生成image-out.bmp文件。

如想修改矩形的大小，修改上述200 180 390 420数字即可。

如想修改矩形的颜色，修改上述0 0 255的色彩信息即可。

执行完之后的效果，跟使用opencv绘制矩形的效果一样。

参考网页

https://blog.csdn.net/jack8126/article/details/117608851