网络编程方法提取以及简介

一 UDP

1.获取本地IP地址

private void getLocalIP()
        {
            //获得IP地址容器
            IPAddress[] ips = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
            foreach (IPAddress ip in ips)
            {
                if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    address = ip;
                    info.Text += "服务器的IP地址为：" + ip.ToString();
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (address == null)
            {
                info.Text += "无法获得服务器IP地址" + "\n";
            }
        }

2.启动接收线程

ThreadStart start = new ThreadStart(Receive);
Thread t1 = new Thread(start);
            t1.IsBackground = true;
            t1.Start();

3.接收方法（UDP）

private void Receive()
        {
            //接受
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            //注册对面主机的终结点
            EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.None, 8001);
            int num = cs.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);


            //解析
            while (num > 0)
            {
                //解码：以UTF-8字符串的方式获得传入buffer的数据
                String s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, num);
                
                //通过Dispathcer.Invoke()取得对这个文本线程的访问权限，并用解码后的字 
                  符串进行更改
                log.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => { log.Text = log.Text + "消息为" +s 
                 
                     });

                //进行循环的监听
                num = cs.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);
            }

            //禁用套接字的发送和接受
            cs.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
            //关闭套接字
            cs.Close();
        }

4.发送方法（UDP）

 private void send()
        {
            //实例化目的终结点
            IPAddress endAdreess = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1");

            EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(endAdreess,8001);
            String s = "你好";

            //将要传输的字符串进行编码
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);

            //使用套接字的SenTo方法进行发送
            cs.SendTo(buffer, toEP);
        }

5.将本地终结点与套接字绑定

private void BindLocal()
        {
            //获取套接字对象UDP
            cs = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);

            //它表示将侦听器 Socket 绑定到的本地终结点。
            EndPoint localEP = new IPEndPoint(address, 8001);
            cs.Bind(localEP)
        }

成功实例：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace UDP
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        IPAddress address;
        Socket cs;
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Window_Initialized(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            getLocalIP();
            BindLocal();
            ThreadStart start = new ThreadStart(Receive);
            Thread t1 = new Thread(start);
            t1.IsBackground = true;
            t1.Start();
        }

        private void Send()
        {
            EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(address,8002);
            String s = "你好";
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
            cs.SendTo(buffer,remoteEP);
        }

        //将本地终结点与套接字绑定
        private void BindLocal()
        {
            cs = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Dgram,ProtocolType.Udp);
            EndPoint localEp = new IPEndPoint(address, 8001);
            cs.Bind(localEp);
        }

        private void Receive()
        {
            //接受
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            //注册对面主机的终结点
            EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.None, 8002);
            int num = cs.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);

            //解析
            while (num > 0)
            {
                //解码：以UTF-8字符串的方式获得传入buffer的数据
                String s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, num);

                //通过Dispathcer.Invoke()取得对这个文本线程的访问权限，并用解码后的字符串进行更改
                
                msgText.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => {
                    msgText.Text = msgText.Text + "消息为" + s;
                     });

                //进行循环的监听
                num = cs.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);
            }

            //禁用套接字的发送和接受
            cs.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
            //关闭套接字
            cs.Close();
        }

        private void getLocalIP()
        {
            //获得IP地址容器
            IPAddress[] ips = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
            foreach (IPAddress ip in ips)
            {
                if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    address = ip;
                    msgText.Text += "服务器的IP地址为：" + ip.ToString();
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (address == null)
            {
                msgText.Text += "无法获得服务器IP地址" + "\n";
            }
        }

        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            Send();
        }
    }
}

二 TCP

    TCP和UDP以套接字的方式实现的区别在于三点：1.TCP需要两个套接字实例，一个用于接受，一个用于与其他端相连接。2.TCP的Receive方法和Send方法与UDP有区别，其他几乎一样。3.多了一个连接方法

1.接收方法

private void Receive()
        {
            cs.Listen(10);
            Task.Run(() => {

                Socket client = cs.Accept();
                //接受
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                //注册对面主机的终结点
                EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.None, 8002);
                msgText.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => {
                    msgText.Text = msgText.Text + "登录主机为" + remoteEP.ToString();
                });
                Task.Run(()=> { 
                    while(true)
                    {
                        int num = client.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);

                        //解析
                        while (num > 0)
                        {
                            //解码：以UTF-8字符串的方式获得传入buffer的数据
                            String s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, num);

                            //通过Dispathcer.Invoke()取得对这个文本线程的访问权限，并用解码后的字符串进行更改

                            msgText.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => {
                                msgText.Text = msgText.Text + "消息为" + s;
                            });

                            //进行循环的监听
                            num = client.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);
                        }
                    }
                
                
                });
                

            });
          
        }

2.与本地终结点绑定方法

 private void BindLocal()
        {
            
            cs = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            EndPoint localEp = new IPEndPoint(address, 8001);
            cs.Bind(localEp);
            c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
        }

3.连接方法

public void Connect()
        {
            EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(address, 8002);
            c.Connect(remoteEP);
        }

4.发送方法

  private void Send()
        {
            String s = "你好";
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
            c.Send(buffer);
        }

成功实例：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace TCP
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        IPAddress address;
        Socket cs;
        Socket c;
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        public void Connect()
        {
            EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(address, 8002);
            c.Connect(remoteEP);
        }

        private void Window_Initialized(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            getLocalIP();
            BindLocal();
            ThreadStart start = new ThreadStart(Receive);
            Thread t1 = new Thread(start);
            t1.IsBackground = true;
            t1.Start();
        }

        private void Send()
        {
            String s = "你好";
            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(s);
            c.Send(buffer);
        }

        //将本地终结点与套接字绑定
        private void BindLocal()
        {
            
            cs = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
            EndPoint localEp = new IPEndPoint(address, 8001);
            cs.Bind(localEp);
            c = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
        }

        private void Receive()
        {
            cs.Listen(10);
            Task.Run(() => {

                Socket client = cs.Accept();
                //接受
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                //注册对面主机的终结点
                EndPoint remoteEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.None, 8002);
                msgText.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => {
                    msgText.Text = msgText.Text + "登录主机为" + remoteEP.ToString();
                });
                Task.Run(()=> { 
                    while(true)
                    {
                        int num = client.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);

                        //解析
                        while (num > 0)
                        {
                            //解码：以UTF-8字符串的方式获得传入buffer的数据
                            String s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, num);

                            //通过Dispathcer.Invoke()取得对这个文本线程的访问权限，并用解码后的字符串进行更改

                            msgText.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => {
                                msgText.Text = msgText.Text + "消息为" + s;
                            });

                            //进行循环的监听
                            num = client.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref remoteEP);
                        }
                    }
                
                
                });
                

            });
          
        }

        private void getLocalIP()
        {
            //获得IP地址容器
            IPAddress[] ips = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
            foreach (IPAddress ip in ips)
            {
                if (ip.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
                {
                    address = ip;
                    msgText.Text += "服务器的IP地址为：" + ip.ToString();
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (address == null)
            {
                msgText.Text += "无法获得服务器IP地址" + "\n";
            }
        }

        private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            Send();
        }

        private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            Connect();
        }
    }
}