CentOS系统使用yum安装Nginx服务器

CentOS系统使用yum安装Nginx服务器

1. 概述

根据官方提供的文档在CentOS操作系统上使用yum快速安装nginx服务器。

• 在新机器上首次安装nginx之前，需要配置nginx软件包仓库库。

• 可以从仓库中安装和更新nginx

官网地址：http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html

2. 安装yum-utils工具：

yum install yum-utils

3. 设置yum仓库：

3.1 创建/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo文件

#通过vim在没有该文件的情况下，直接创建新文件
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

3.2 编辑文件内容

[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

4. 配置安装包

• 默认使用stable nginx安装包仓库，对应上述[nginx-stable]

• 若使用mainline nginx安装包，对应上述[nginx-mainline], 使用下述命令

#开启使用nginx-mainline
yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline

5. 安装nginx

yum install nginx

安装过程中，当提示接受GPG密钥时，请验证指纹是否与573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62匹配。若匹配，则接受它。

6. 安装过程

#1.安装yum-utils工具
[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz /]# yum install yum-utils
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base                                                                                                        | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
epel                                                                                                        | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                               | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
(2/2): epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                               | 6.9 MB  00:00:00     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-54.el7_8 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2 = 2.9.1-6.el7.5 for package: libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64
---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be updated
---> Package libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5 will be an update
---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================
 Package                            Arch                       Version                              Repository                Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 yum-utils                          noarch                     1.1.31-54.el7_8                      base                     122 k
Installing for dependencies:
 libxml2-python                     x86_64                     2.9.1-6.el7.5                        base                     247 k
 python-chardet                     noarch                     2.2.1-3.el7                          base                     227 k
 python-kitchen                     noarch                     1.1.1-5.el7                          base                     267 k
Updating for dependencies:
 libxml2                            x86_64                     2.9.1-6.el7.5                        base                     668 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+3 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             ( 1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 1.5 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y    #输入y 回车同意下载
Downloading packages:
Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.
(1/5): libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm                                                              | 247 kB  00:00:00     
(2/5): python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                | 227 kB  00:00:00     
(3/5): python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                | 267 kB  00:00:00     
(4/5): yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm                                                                 | 122 kB  00:00:00     
(5/5): libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm                                                                     | 668 kB  00:00:00     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                                              3.6 MB/s | 1.5 MB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64                                                                                    1/6 
  Installing : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64                                                                             2/6 
  Installing : python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch                                                                               3/6 
  Installing : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                                                                               4/6 
  Installing : yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch                                                                                5/6 
  Cleanup    : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                  6/6 
  Verifying  : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64                                                                             1/6 
  Verifying  : python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch                                                                               2/6 
  Verifying  : python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch                                                                               3/6 
  Verifying  : yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch                                                                                4/6 
  Verifying  : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64                                                                                    5/6 
  Verifying  : libxml2-2.9.1-6.el7_2.3.x86_64                                                                                  6/6 

Installed:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-54.el7_8                                                                                               

Dependency Installed:
  libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5       python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-3.el7       python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7      

Dependency Updated:
  libxml2.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5                                                                                                   

Complete!  #安装完成
#2.创建nginx.repo文件，并输入内容
[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz /]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
#########
#上述内容#
#########
#3.切换nginx-mainline软件包
[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz /]# yum-config-manager --enable nginx-mainline
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
====================================================== repo: nginx-mainline =======================================================
[nginx-mainline]
async = True
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7
baseurl = http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/x86_64/
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-mainline
check_config_file_age = True
compare_providers_priority = 80
cost = 1000
deltarpm_metadata_percentage = 100
deltarpm_percentage = 
enabled = 1
enablegroups = True
exclude = 
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/nginx-mainline/gpgcadir
gpgcakey = 
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/nginx-mainline/gpgdir
gpgkey = https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-mainline/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs = 
ip_resolve = 
keepalive = True
keepcache = False
mddownloadpolicy = sqlite
mdpolicy = group:small
mediaid = 
metadata_expire = 21600
metadata_expire_filter = read-only:present
metalink = 
minrate = 0
mirrorlist = 
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = nginx mainline repo
old_base_cache_dir = 
password = 
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/7/nginx-mainline
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-mainline/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict = 
proxy_password = 
proxy_username = 
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert = 
sslclientcert = 
sslclientkey = 
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
ui_id = nginx-mainline/7/x86_64
ui_repoid_vars = releasever,
   basearch
username = 
#4.安装nginx
[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz /]# yum install nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
nginx-mainline                                                                                              | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
nginx-stable                                                                                                | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/2): nginx-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                     |  63 kB  00:00:01     
(2/2): nginx-mainline/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                   | 202 kB  00:00:01     
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================
 Package                  Arch                      Version                                  Repository                       Size
===================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 nginx                    x86_64                    1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx                       nginx-stable                    790 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 790 k
Installed size: 2.8 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y #y 确认
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx-stable/packages/nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
Public key for nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm is not installed
nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm                                                                           | 790 kB  00:00:02     
Retrieving key from https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Importing GPG key 0x7BD9BF62:
 Userid     : "nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>"
 Fingerprint: 573b fd6b 3d8f bc64 1079 a6ab abf5 bd82 7bd9 bf62
 From       : https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Is this ok [y/N]: y #验证上两行的指纹是否与官网一致#573b fd6b 3d8f bc64 1079 a6ab abf5 bd82 7bd9 bf62#
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : 1:nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                                                                                 1/1 
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/support.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/

----------------------------------------------------------------------
  Verifying  : 1:nginx-1.20.0-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                                                                                 1/1 

Installed:
  nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.0-1.el7.ngx                                                                        
Complete! #安装完成，默认安装成功后以启动
#5.可以查看nginx在哪
[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz /]# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz

7. 参数解释及nginx启动

7.1 -t参数

#在nginx的启动目录下，本文默认是/usr/sbin/目录下
#检查配置文件是否正确，若不正确则会提示
./nginx -t

[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz sbin]# ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

7.2 -V参数

可以查看nginx安装位置等信息，以及查看安装了哪些模块

[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz sbin]# ./nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-compat --with-file-aio --with-threads --with-http_addition_module --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_v2_module --with-mail --with-mail_ssl_module --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_ssl_preread_module --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie'
[root@izwz97v6f2nxfmqc5cc8taz sbin]#

7.3 启动nginx

# 默认配置文件 conf/nginx.conf;通过-c参数可以指定配置文件
./sbin/nginx       

7.4 停止nginx

#使用命令停止
./sbin/nginx -s stop
#或者直接kill -9 nignx进程id
kill -9 nginx-pid

7.5 重启nginx

#重启，不会改变启动时指定的配置文件
./sbin/nginx -s reload