设计select的真正目的

首先明确IO分为阻塞IO和非阻塞IO，为了提高性能，windows网络编程中提出了5中IO模型，其中设计select的真正目的是：

 

1. 防止应用程序在套接字处于锁定模式时，在一次IO绑定调用过程中，被迫进入“锁定”状态；

2. 防止套接字处于非锁定（非阻塞）模式时，产生WSAEWOULDBLOCK错误。

 

解释下2：

一般在非阻塞模式时，accept等函数会立即返回，错误为WSAEWOULDBLOCK，然后通过循环调用accept直到来了一个连接，这样

调用的效果并不好，所以采用select可以防止产生WSAEWOULDBLOCK错误 ，2 的例子代码如下：

 

// ServerTest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include "stdafx.h" int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { WORD wVersionRequested; WSADATA wsaData; int err; wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD( 2, 2 ); err = WSAStartup( wVersionRequested, &wsaData ); if ( err != 0 ) { /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable */ /* WinSock DLL. */ return 0; } /* Confirm that the WinSock DLL supports 2.2.*/ /* Note that if the DLL supports versions greater */ /* than 2.2 in addition to 2.2, it will still return */ /* 2.2 in wVersion since that is the version we */ /* requested. */ if ( LOBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 2 || HIBYTE( wsaData.wVersion ) != 2 ) { /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable */ /* WinSock DLL. */ WSACleanup( ); return 0; } const int LOCAL_PORT = 5000; SOCKET listenfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP); if ( INVALID_SOCKET == listenfd ) { printf("create socket failed. error code is:%d/n",WSAGetLastError()); return 0; } struct sockaddr_in localAddr; memset(&localAddr, 0, sizeof(localAddr)); localAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; localAddr.sin_port = htons(LOCAL_PORT); localAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.0.10"); int iResult = bind(listenfd, (const struct sockaddr FAR*)&localAddr, sizeof(localAddr)); if ( SOCKET_ERROR == iResult ) { printf("bind failed, error code :%d./n",WSAGetLastError()); return 0; } iResult = listen(listenfd, 128); if ( SOCKET_ERROR == iResult ) { printf("listen failed. error code is:%d/n",WSAGetLastError()); return 0; } u_long switchOn = 1; iResult = ioctlsocket(listenfd, FIONBIO, (u_long FAR *)&switchOn); if ( SOCKET_ERROR == iResult ) { printf("ioctlsocket failed. error code is:%d/n",WSAGetLastError()); return 0; } SOCKET acceptfd; struct sockaddr_in clientAddr; memset(&clientAddr, 0, sizeof(clientAddr)); int iAddrLength = sizeof(clientAddr); while (TRUE) { fd_set readFd; FD_ZERO(&readFd); FD_SET(listenfd, &readFd); iResult = select(listenfd, &readFd, NULL, NULL, NULL); if ( SOCKET_ERROR == iResult ) { printf("select failed, error code is:%d/n", WSAGetLastError()); continue; } acceptfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr FAR *)&clientAddr, &iAddrLength); if ( INVALID_SOCKET == acceptfd ) { printf("accept failed. error code is:%d/n",WSAGetLastError()); //Sleep(100); continue; } //do something. //....... closesocket(acceptfd); } closesocket(listenfd); getchar(); return 0; }