磁力连接是如何接入DHT网络并下载文件的

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-06 22:50:20 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-06 22:50:20 发布

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你的bt客户端连接到的第一个ip（除DNS外）提供一个公网ip的列表，这些ip被用来当作DHT网络的入口。这个列表一般由制作bt客户端的人来提供。
当你接入DHT网络之后，你会通过DHT查询找到更多的ip，这些ip一般会缓存再你的磁盘上以便于下次你不用再下载一次ip列表。
磁力链接包含了一个hash值，就是一个唯一的id，用来识别你要查找的文件，它不包含任何ip，也不需要这么做。这个hash就是从你要获取的那个种子的内容来生成的。
DHT网络上的其他用户知道这个hash的话，你的客户端就会向他们索取响应的种子文件，并藉由种子文件来下载你想要的内容了。
比如uTorrent的索引地址就是router.utorrent.com

The first IP you connect to (besides a DNS) is a server that provides a list of public IP’s. These IPs can be used as entry points into the DHT network. This list is usually provided by the same people who make the bitTorrent client, though of course technically you can find a participating IP by any method that works (like asking a friend).

After you enter the network, you’ll discover more IPs by using DHT lookups. It’s likely that these IPs will be stored locally on your hard drive so you can just connect directly next time without fetching the bootstrap list first.

The magnet link contains a hash – basically a unique ID – which identifies the file you’re looking for. It doesn’t contain any IPs, nor does it need to. A hash is mathematically calculated from the exact contents of the file. Due to the extreme calculations involved, a hash nearly never refers to any other file on the planet. It’s almost impossible to spoof.

Other users on the DHT network know about this hash -> contents relation, so when you say “someone, gimme the exact sequence of bytes that match this hash”, they do, and you have your file!

Hope that explains things.

A client can learn about other DHT-capable peers through it’s interactions with them. A peer’s support for DHT is advertised in it’s Handshake. Once a client discovers at least one good, well-connected DHT peer, it can navigate the DHT to find more and closer DHT peers. It will remember these peers, called nodes in DHT-speak, between restarts of the software and maintain/update the list continuously while it is running. In the worse case where a client knows of no good DHT-capable peers, it will require you to download a tracker-based torrent so it can hopefully contact a few good DHT-capable peers it learns about through the tracker.

Update: For it’s initial list of DHT peers, as @Seppo points out, a torrent client can use one or more hard-coded DNS names to find the addresses for well-known peers, and it may also include a hard-coded list of peers as a final fallback as well. One limitation of DNS, however, it no port information is provided so a default port of 6881 is generally assumed whereas other means support peers operating on different ports.

The initial bootstrap DHT peer on uTorrent is router.utorrent.com

Nobody answered the OPs question, I had the same question myself.

After the initial load, a cache of DHT peers is kept and used.