第5章 Python 数字图像处理(DIP) - 图像复原与重建3 - 爱尔兰（伽马）噪声

爱尔兰（伽马）噪声

爱尔兰噪声的PDF是
$$P(z)=\{\begin{array}{ll}\frac{a^b{z}^{b-1}}{(b-1)!}{e}^{-az},& z\ge 0\\ 0,& z<0\end{array}\text{\hspace{1em}(5.7)}$$
$a>b$, $b$是一个正整数，"!"是阶乘

均值和方差为
$$\bar{z}=\frac{b}{a}\text{\hspace{1em}(5.8)}$$
$${\sigma }^2=\frac{b}{a^2}\text{\hspace{1em}(5.9)}$$

仅当分母 为伽马函数$\Gamma (b)$时这称为伽马密度

当$b=1$时，为指数噪声

def ireland_pdf(z, a=2, b=1):
    """
    create ireland PDF, math $$P(z) = \begin{cases} \frac{a^bz^{b-1}}{(b-1)!}e^{-az}, & z\geq 0 \\ 0, & z < 0 \end{cases}$$
    param: z: input grayscale value of iamge
    param: a: float, a > b
    param: b: uint, 
    """
    ireland = (a**b * z**(b-1) / np.math.factorial(b - 1)) * np.exp(- a *z)
    ireland = np.where(z >= 0, ireland, 0)
    
    return ireland

更正下面代码，如果之前已经复制的，也请更正

def add_gamma_noise(img, scale=1):
    """
    add gamma noise for image
    param: img: input image, dtype=uint8
    param: mean: noise mean
    param: sigma: noise sigma
    return: image_out: image with gamma noise
    """
    # image = np.array(img/255, dtype=float) # 这是有错误的，将得不到正确的结果，修改如下
    image = np.array(img, dtype=float)

    noise = np.random.gamma(shape=1, scale=scale, size=image.shape)
    
    image_out = image + noise
    image_out = np.uint8(normalize(image_out)*255)
    
    return image_out

# 爱尔兰(伽马)噪声
a = 2.1
b = 2
z = np.linspace(0, 10, 200)

z_ = b / a
sigma = b / a**2

print(f"z_ -> {z_}, sigma -> {sigma}")

ireland = ireland_pdf(z, a=a, b=b)

plt.figure(figsize=(9, 6))
plt.plot(z, ireland)
plt.show()

z_ -> 0.9523809523809523, sigma -> 0.4535147392290249

# 伽马噪声
img_ori = cv2.imread("DIP_Figures/DIP3E_Original_Images_CH05/Fig0503 (original_pattern).tif", 0)
# img_ori = np.ones((512, 512)) * 128
img_gamma = add_gamma_noise(img_ori, scale=20)

plt.figure(figsize=(9, 6))
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img_ori, 'gray', vmin=0, vmax=255), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(img_gamma, 'gray', vmin=0, vmax=255), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

hist, bins = np.histogram(img_gamma.flatten(), bins=255, range=[0, 255], density=True)
bar = plt.bar(bins[:-1], hist[:])