《快学Scala》, <Scala For the Impatient>习题第二章

1. The signum of a number is 1 if the number is positive, -1 if it is negative, and 0 if it is zero. Write a function that computes this value.

def signum(n: Int) = if (n > 0) 1 else if (n == 0) 0 else -1

scala> def signum(n: Int) = if (n > 0) 1 else if (n == 0) 0 else -1
signum: (n: Int)Int

scala> signum(1)
res30: Int = 1

scala> signum(5)
res31: Int = 1

scala> signum(-1)
res32: Int = -1

scala> signum(0)
res33: Int = 0

2. What is the value of an empty block expression {}? What is its type?

type: Unit, value: ()

Unit is a subtype of [[scala.AnyVal]]. There is only one value of type Unit, () from Scala Doc

    val a: Unit = {}

3. Come up with one situation where the assignment x = y = 1 is valid in Scala. (Hint: Pick a suitable type for x.)

scala> var x = {}
x: Unit = ()

scala> var y = 1
y: Int = 1

scala> x = y = 1
x: Unit = ()

4. Write a Scala equivalent for the Java loop

scala> for (i <- 10.to(0, -1)) println(i)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

scala> for (i <- 0.to(10).reverse) println(i)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

5. Write a procedure countdown(n: Int) that prints the numbers from n to 0.

scala> def countdown(n: Int) = for (i <- 0 to n reverse) println(i)
warning: there was one feature warning; re-run with -feature for details
countdown: (n: Int)Unit

scala> countdown(5)
5
4
3
2
1
0

不知道这样写为什么会有warning

6. Write a for loop for computing the product of the Unicode codes of all letters in a string. For example, the product of the characters in Hello is 9415087488L.

scala> var product = 1L
product: Long = 1

scala> for (c <- "Hello") product *= c.toLong

scala> product
res22: Long = 9415087488

7. Solve the preceding exercise without writing a loop. (Hint: Look at the Stringops Scaladoc.)

没看懂要求。

scala> "Hello".foldLeft(1L)((product: Long, char: Char) => product * char)
res19: Long = 9415087488

8. Write a function product(s: String) that computes the product, as described in the preceding exercises.

scala> def product(s: String) : Long = s.foldLeft(1L)((product, char) => product * char.toLong)
product: (s: String)Long

scala> product("Hello")
res29: Long = 9415087488

9. Make the function of the preceding exercise a recursive function.

  def product(s: String) : Long = {
    if (s.length == 0)
      0
    else if (s.length == 1)
      s(0).toLong
    else
      s(0) * product(s.drop(1))
  }

10. Write a function that computes $x ^ n$, where n is an integer. Use the following recursive definition:

• $x^n = y ^ 2$ if $n$ is even and positive, where $y = x ^ {n / 2}$
• $x^n=x * x^{n-1}$ if $n$ is odd and positive.
• $x ^ 0 = 1$.
• $x^n = 1 / {x ^ {-n}}$ if n <script type="math/tex" id="MathJax-Element-9">n</script> is negative.

  def pow(x: Double, n: Int) : Double = {
    if (n == 0)
      1
    else if (n > 0 && n % 2 == 0) {
      val tmp = pow(x, n / 2)
      tmp * tmp
    }
    else if (n > 0 && n % 2 == 1)
      pow(x, n - 1) * x
    else
      1 / pow(x, -n)
  }