JAVA程序员成长之路


我也搞了几年 JAVA了,由于一向懒惰,没有成为大牛,只是一普通程序猿,不爱玩社交网站,不爱玩微博,唯独喜欢百度贴吧,潜水很久了,手痒来给新人分享下从新手成长为老鸟的已见,也刷刷存在感,应该不比曝照差吧。

首先初识语法的阶段,必须要学会怎么操作对象,操作iffor,操作list set map,然后是线程、IOjdbc什么的,其余的,若是一时不理解,可以后边需要时再学。
这阶段完了,你可以写些能在控制台打印出来的小程序,锻炼下逻辑思维。也就是号称JAVASE毕业了,其实不过是入门而已,如果要往WEB方向发展,这些倒是基本足够了。

接下来要学HTML JSP SERVLET 数据库 JAVASCRIPT TOMCAT,目标,写出第一个动态网站,也许只是个登陆功能,只能展示下个人资料,但这是很重要的一步,你要弄清楚的是,一个用户的点击产生的请求,是从哪里发起,哪里接收,哪里处理,哪里返回,你得理解浏览器和服务器的关系和分工,cookiesessionrequestresponse。这个是个WEB开发的学习初级阶段,这都是些JAVA诞生以来最原始的最官方的WEB开发技术,当然现在真正的项目很少直接采用这些技术了,为了不断提高技术的易用性、开发效率和可维护性、可扩展性,无数开源项目都是在这些原始技术的基础上封装、改进。所以这个阶段不要盲目乐观地跑去找工作或者对实习挑三拣四,你会被打击到的。

好,初始阶段完成,开始进入WEB开发的正题,首先是传说中的三大框架,struts hibernate spring成为熟练的增删改查程序员是必须的,在这个阶段你还要理解为什么要用这仨而不是那些JSP SERVLET JDBC,你要体会到写MVC、三层架构的好处。这个阶段不要轻易质疑三大框架的价值,也许刚开始你会觉得麻烦,觉得他们有时候是多此一举,一两年后回过头来你会觉得少了这些框架你已经很难干活了。这个阶段还要避免的心态是能熟练地增删改查了,就认为写程序不过如此,然后往简历上填个精通,这也是新手面试被批得体无完肤的原因之一。如果你学得好,这会应该能熟练地写个博客啊,小论坛啊之类的WEB项目了,也就是达到了就业的基本要求。


接下来就没有固定模式了,你的第一家企业对你的影响会很大,我见识过烂企业是如何毁新人的,用着设计恶劣的架构,老掉牙的技术,不断地耽误新人的成长,有的员工在这种企业一呆数年,思维已经完全被错误观点定型,深陷于公司业务和老系统中疲于奔命,看似能解决问题,却无法给公司带来真正的进步,就像一个用了数年砍刀的人,就算再熟练,刀法再好,也打不过用枪的。如果离开了这个公司,恐怕很难在这个行业再立足。记得有个说法很好,一个人用10年的时间重复做头一两年做的事,你的真实工作经验其实还是一两年。烂公司的老员工就是如此。在这头一年里,定个标准吧,你应该能做到的有:
1、把一些常用的琐碎技术学会了,比如xml的作用和实际运用,如何操作文件,如何运用日志,如何简化封装常用的工具类,比如日期操作、编码处理、分页模块等等,这些小东西会占用你大量的时间去处理摸索。
2、把数据库用好。数据库不是会增删改查就可以了的,你要关注事务设置是否合理,是否有可能产生脏数据,是否要动用乐观锁悲观锁等等,重要数据出了错,无论是技术上还是业务上都是很麻烦的事。
3、懂得什么是集群,什么是分布式,懂得怎么向别的系统发请求,交换数据,webservice
4、如果你也写页面,你要会用JAVASCRIPT,不一定要很深入,你可以用JQUERY代替,做到无刷新的页面操作以及AJAX请求。

第一年能达到这个程度,你绝对已经在平均水准之上了。在我达到这个水平时,我有种似乎一切网站开发都不在话下的感觉,当然后来我很快就发现了我还差得太远太远....这个阶段想面个高薪的工作还是很难的,只能说达到温饱线了,不用为柴米油盐发愁。

下一个阶段,你应该考虑你的代码质量了。
1、多线程和异步、并发的概念会忽然变得很重要,因为在一个对性能有要求的系统里,是不会允许你把各种琐事都排着队一件件去办的,你不能老写些a方法调b方法再调c方法再调d方法然后返回的代码。你开始想起有队列这种东西,有runable这种东西,你开始觉得自己的代码高端起来了,和当年的增删改查程序员有天壤之别。但同时麻烦也来了,你开始遇到线程安全问题,尤其是当你的程序跑在一个多机环境而不是单机环境里的时候,你会对这些很头痛。对于这些问题,Jms技术是个很有代表性的东西,当然并不像ssh那么常用。


2、 你会发现数据库性能实在不行,出于不甘现状,或者赶时髦,你该去了解nosql了,memcached redis mongodb,眼花缭乱,没关系,试着用用,能很好地缓解mysql之类关系数据库的压力。
3、 出于公司某些业务需要,你可能会钻研一个特定技术领域,比如全文搜索技术,lucene\solr,比如工作流jbpm,比如权限系统,单点登陆之类的,又或者某些特定业务领域的算法研究,这些是你的加分项。
4、 你开始发现你的代码很乱,久了以后自己都看不懂,重复的,难以重用的代码堆积如山,不想维护,BUG百出。于是你要开始重视设计模式,合理地改造下自己的代码习惯,不再被僵化的SSHMVC三层架构束缚住。
5、 Google和各种资料是你进步的动力,极少再遇到必须请教别人才能解决的问题,如果你这个阶段还老是问别人,你的技术生涯也就快到头了。

这个阶段,如果你的交际和自我推销能力不是太差,你的收入将是白领水平,至少接近了。

我觉得多数程序员在工作多年之后都能达到这个水平,有的人只需要两年,有的人却要用上五六年,在这个阶段落伍的人,有的是出于天赋和思维所限,有的是出于对技术缺乏热情,有的是出于工作内容的制约。等到年近中年,再也拼不过年轻人,被淘汰出局,只能在自嘲为屌丝和码农的无奈中黯然转行。
这是个很重要的分水龄,你能不能继续进步,能不能在30岁以后继续从事技术工作,能不能在公司里独当一面,我觉得就看你能不能超越这个阶段了。我前面提到的烂公司里的工作数年的项目经理,连这个层次都还没达到...

接下来又是个全新的阶段。
1、 你要读读优秀开源项目的源码,你要搞懂一些当年不懂的基础知识,你开始理解thinking in java的精髓,你能写一些底层的代码,有时还会觉得自己封装的比某些开源工具更好用更简单。

2、 WEB的难点和重点永远都在于性能、负载能力上,而现在网络的发达造成了数据量和操作密度的大大上升,硬件却没有相应的进步,你得试着更好地运用更多的服务器来协同工作,从WEB端到服务端到数据库,全都需要集群,需要分布式,需要合理的控制数据的流向,掌握好网站上下,一大堆机器的平衡,找出性能的瓶颈,找出稳定性和安全性的瓶颈,硬件出现故障,第三方技术出现错误,将被当成家常便饭融入到你的系统和代码里仔细考虑。
3、 开始觉得方案无比地重要,一将无能累死千军将不断应验,一个不好的设计,一个不好的方案,会让一群优秀的程序员工作成果大打折扣。你要关注架构知识,不能再满足于SSH三层架构到底。领域驱动设计,面向事件开发,敏捷开发等等一系列的思想在关键时刻能决定你项目的生死,这个阶段不再有标准范例让你照抄,你只知道思想和原理,实践却需要自己不断尝试和改进。
4、 多关注各种杂七杂八的开源技术,有些你可能前面已经接触过了,和通信有关的,和集成开发环境有关的,和架构有关的,各个领域你都应该能信口说上几个主流技术,虽然你可能只是听说过,了解,但关键时刻你得知道如何去选择技术,并快速掌握它。你还会去考虑尝试下别的语言,这里不是说转向什么C++ C#之类的,那和JAVA程序员不相干,我说的是一些运行于JVM之上的语言,比如scalagroovy,初识他们时你会觉得java真的老了。但当你回到一个综合性的大型项目中,又会觉得java积累下来的整个体系技术是如此完善,就像一个工业化标准一样。
你能把这个阶段实践好,胜任项目经理,乃至中小公司的技术总监都是可以的。

不知不觉写了这么多了,以上是我个人眼里的一般向JAVA EE发展线路,限于篇辐也不全面,实际个人成长路线可能因为工作内容的不同差异会很大,有的人偏向了底层研究,有的人偏向了业务需求设计,有的带有浓重的行业色彩,而且技术之外,还有很多知识也很重要.w做JAVA没有轻松的方向,但一个对技术抱有兴趣的人,走到这一步时,仍然会对开发抱有热情,想要写出好的项目。纯为了生计而工作的程序猿是走不到这一步的。

暂且收手,希望以上能让J8的新人们了解将来要面对的大致状况,同时也抱着打击下小朋友们幼小心灵的邪恶心理就此按下发表按钮。
能完整看完的同学,在此表示钦佩,我想当年的我也未必能看完这种又臭又长的叙述...

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iphone5s拆机方法图解-多图 独家:iphone5s拆机方法图解--共37图 Step 1 — iPhone 5s Teardown • [size=1em]An iPhone release means a trip to the future—the iFixit teardown crew has traveled 17 hours forward in time to get the iPhone 5s early. • [size=1em]We want to send out a big thanks to our good friends at MacFixit Australia for letting us use their office in Melbourne for the teardown. They stock Mac and iPhone upgrades/accessories, and also carry ouriFixit toolkits. o [size=1em]To cover all our bases, we confirmed with our best linguists that the 5s upside-down is still the 5s. • [size=1em]Speaking of toolkits, for this teardown, we'll be using iFixit's brand-new Pro Tech Screwdriver Set. Step 2 • [size=1em]As we ready ourselves to delve into the delightful innards of the 5s, let's check out some of its tech specs: o [size=1em]Apple A7 processor with 64-bit architecture o [size=1em]M7 motion co-processor o [size=1em]16, 32, or 64 GB Storage o [size=1em]4-inch retina display with 326 ppi o [size=1em]8 MP iSight camera (with larger 1.5μ pixels) and a 1.2MP FaceTime camera. o [size=1em]Fingerprint identity sensor built into the home button o [size=1em]Available in three different colors: space gray, silver, and gooooooold (or as we call them, Not-at-all-the-Color-of-Space, Second Place Medal, and Bling!). Step 3 • [size=1em]Apple continues the everlasting trend of locking users out with pentalobular screws. Luckily, we came prepared. We whip out our trusty iPhone 5 Liberation Kit, and to our pleasant surprise, it works! • [size=1em]Unfortunately, we are ill-equipped in the color department, as we only have silver and black replacement Phillips screws. o [size=1em]We are currently involved in heavy lobbying to our product designers to create 14k gold replacement screws. They'll be $50 each and strip the first time you try to unscrew them, so they will be perfect for the iPhone. Stay posted. • [size=1em]With our iPhone 5s sufficiently liberated, it reminds us of another polka-dotted iPhone teardown coming in the near future… Step 4 • [size=1em]We're done screwing around; it's time to get this baby open! Just like last year, we enlist the help of a suction cup to free the display assembly from the rear casing. • [size=1em]Unlike last year, we make use of some gentle spudgering, just in case… Step 5 • [size=1em]Our careful spudgering paid off. At the bottom of the phone, a cable connects the Touch ID sensor in the home button to the Lightning port assembly. o [size=1em]This adds a small element of danger to disassembly, as pulling too hard on the suction cup could cause accidental damage to the cable. • [size=1em]We survive this first booby trap and swiftly disconnect the Touch ID cable connector with the help of a spudger. • [size=1em]Alas, our first peek at the internal layout of the 5s. Comparing it to the iPhone 5, we spot very few differences, the main one being the lack of a battery removal pull-tab. Step 6 • [size=1em]With our favorite screwdriver set, we remove a few metal connector covers and embark on the epic battle of battery removal. • [size=1em]The missing battery pull-tab, though seemingly innocuous, indicates a bigger problem for battery repair: glue. • [size=1em]Perhaps the "s" in 5s stands for "stuck," as in "this battery is stuck in with a lot of glue," or "I hope you didn't want to replace your battery—you're going to be stuck with this one." • [size=1em]While we'd love a tool-less battery removal as we've seen in other phones, we settle for thermal battery removal via an iOpener. • [size=1em]Holy adhesive! It appears Apple ditched the minimal adhesive in the iPhone 5 in favor of those two huge white runways of adhesive holding the 5s(tuck) battery in place. Step 7 • [size=1em]The 5s has a claimed 10 hours of talk time on 3G, but there are rumbles that iOS 7 isn't doing you any favors. • [size=1em]The gold unit from Desay Battery Co., Ltd in Huizhou, China sports a 3.8V - 5.92Wh - 1560mAh battery. Comparatively: o [size=1em]iPhone 5: 3.8 V - 1440 mAh - 5.45 Wh. Talk time: Up to 8 hours on 3G. Standby time: Up to 225 hours. o [size=1em]Samsung Galaxy S4: 3.8 V - 2600 mAh - 9.88 Wh. Talk time: up to 7 hours. Standby time: Up to 300 hours. o [size=1em]Motorola Moto X: 3.8 V - 2200 mAh - 8.4 Wh. 24 hours of "mixed usage." • [size=1em]It appears different units sport different battery manufacturers; our "space-gray" spare (right) comes to us from Simplo Technology Inc. Step 8 • [size=1em]With the battery safely removed, we turn to the next step in our disassembly journey: removing the(unchanged) 326 ppi Retina display assembly. • [size=1em]A few flicks of a spudger to disconnect the FaceTime camera, digitizer, and LCD cables, and the display is free. o [size=1em]Looking for some tech specs on the display? Well look no further! In fact, just look backwards…to the iPhone 5. Despite the trend in almost every other smartphone release, the iPhone 5s display is no bigger, better, or badder than the 5. Step 9 • [size=1em]We quickly extract the home button and Touch ID, Apple's new fingerprint scanner. Time to dust for prints! o [size=1em]A CMOS chip, the Touch ID is essentially a bunch of very small capacitors that creates an "image" of the ridges on your finger. • [size=1em]The sensor technology, developed by AuthenTecand bought by Apple a year ago, reportedly stores your fingerprints locally, so giving your iPhone the finger will not make it all the way back to Cupertino. • [size=1em]We worry about how well the sapphire crystal covering the sensor can protect it from degrading over time like most CMOS fingerprint sensors. If not, it could become a ticking time bomb, just like that super-glued battery. Step 10 • [size=1em]We uncover the iSight camera. • [size=1em]The back of the iSight camera is labeled DNL333 41WGRF 4W61W. • [size=1em]According to our good friend Jim Morrison, Vice President of the Technology Analysis Group atChipworks, "the DNL markings are consistent with the markings on the camera modules housing the Sony IMX145 we saw in the iPhone 4s and on the iPhone 5. The marks on the side of the module are different, but our industry insiders tell us this is Sony's again" • [size=1em]As Apple has stated the pixel pitch on this camera is 1.5 μ, this sensor should not be the IMX145, but a newer variant. • [size=1em]The bottom of the camera is labeled AW32 65BD 4511 b763. Step 11 • [size=1em]For those of us counting steps and comparing with last year, we're unsurprisingly right on par. • [size=1em]A great example of Apple's iterative design, the 5s shows some streamlining and optimization in its internal construction. • [size=1em]Gone are those silly antenna interconnect cables, leaving one less thing to break or get accidentally disconnected. o [size=1em]If only they had decided to move that antenna connector from the bottom of the logic board to the top... Step 12 • [size=1em]Looks like we found a Murata 339S0205 Wi-Fi module (based on the Broadcom BCM4334, according to Chipworks). • [size=1em]Again comparing our 16 and 64 GB models: o [size=1em]It seems that the Murata IC is the same between both iPhone 5s'. o [size=1em]The design of both logic boards may be identical, but slight differences in markings (e.g. 94V-0 on the rightmost, nonexistent on the leftmost) may indicate that Apple is manufacturing the 5s logic boards at multiple locations. Step 13 ¶ • [size=1em]Open ses-EMI! Behold, IC treasures identified: o [size=1em]SK Hynix H2JTDG8UD3MBR 128 Gb (16 GB) NAND Flash o [size=1em]Qualcomm PM8018 RF power management IC o [size=1em]TriQuint TQM6M6224 o [size=1em]Apple 338S1216 o [size=1em]Broadcom BCM5976 touchscreen controller o [size=1em]Texas Instruments 37C64G1 o [size=1em]Skyworks 77810 Step 14 • [size=1em]More ICs! o [size=1em]Skyworks 77355 o [size=1em]Avago A790720 o [size=1em]Avago A7900 o [size=1em]Apple 338S120L • [size=1em]A super-awesome thanks to the Chipworks team for helping us decode and discern these delightful devices! Step 15 • [size=1em]Turning our attention to the backside of the logic board: o [size=1em]Apple A7 APL0698 SoC (based on thisMacRumors post, the markings F8164A1PD indicate the RAM is likely 1GB) o [size=1em]Qualcomm MDM9615M LTE Modem o [size=1em]Qualcomm WTR1605LLTE/HSPA+/CDMA2K/TDSCDMA/EDGE/GPS transceiver. • [size=1em]As we search for a much-anticipated M7 coprocessor, we begin to wonder if it actually is a separate IC, or if it is additional functionality built into the A7. o [size=1em]Maybe the "M" stands for "magical," the M7 is invisible, and Apple does use pixie dust to hold the device together. Or perhaps the "M" stands for "marketing"… o [size=1em]Update: the M7 has been found! • [size=1em]Our A7 was fabbed in July. Step 16 • [size=1em]It's time to investigate the new kid on the block, and it's fly like an A7. Along with the fingerprint sensor, the A7 is a major enticement for consumers to pick the 5s over the 5c. • [size=1em]The A7 is advertised as providing twice the performance of the 5 (and 5c)'s A6 processor. o [size=1em]The switch to the A7 marks the first use of a 64-bit processor in a smartphone. Based on AnandTech's review, it seems that the bulk of the A7's performance gains do not come from any advantages inherent to a 64-bit architecture, but rather from the switch from the outdated ARMv7 instruction set to the newly-designed ARMv8. o [size=1em]The modern ARMv8 instruction set was designed for a 64-bit architecture. It does away with the legacy support of the last 20 years, which increases efficiency, improving performance without sacrificing battery life. • [size=1em]We'll have to wait until we get inside the chip to find out who manufactured it. Step 17 • [size=1em]Time for your close-up, selfie cam! • [size=1em]A few screws hold the 1.2MP FaceTime camera in place. • [size=1em]While the updated pixel size in the iSight camera may get a lot of attention, DIY paparazzi is what bling iPhones are all about. Step 18 • [size=1em]The lower peripherals on the 5s look very similar to those in the 5, though the speaker assembly comes out with slightly more ease in this iteration. • [size=1em]With the speaker assembly out, the headphone jack/microphone/Lightning connector assembly comes out easily. o [size=1em]As with previous generations, you will have to replace multiple components at once, since the design is not modular. Step 19 • [size=1em]We find another hardware update: the new dual flash. • [size=1em]White and amber LEDs sit by the camera to balance the flash-induced ghostly tones of night-life photography. Step 20 • [size=1em]iPhone 5s Repairability: 6 out of 10 (10 is easiest to repair) • [size=1em]Just like in the iPhone 5, the display assembly is the first component out of the phone, simplifying screen replacements. • [size=1em]The battery is still fairly easy to access, even though it's not technically "user replaceable." • [size=1em]The battery has lost the 5's convenient pull tab, and gained more resilient adhesive—it now requires heat and prying to remove. • [size=1em]The fingerprint sensor cable could be easily ripped out of its socket if a user is not careful while opening the phone. • [size=1em]The iPhone 5s still uses Pentalobe screws on the exterior, making the 5s difficult to open. • [size=1em]The front glass, digitizer, and LCD are all one component, thereby increasing cost of repair.

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