线程间通讯
其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源,但是操作的动作不同
notifyAll();
wait:
notify();
notifyAll();
都使用在同步中,因为要对持有监视器(锁)的线程操作
所以要使用在同步中,因为只有同步才具有锁
为什么这些操作线程的方法要定义object类中呢?
因为这些方法在操作同步中线程时,都必须要标识它们所操作线程持有的锁。
只有同一个锁上的被等待线程,可以被同一个锁上notify唤醒
不可以对不同锁中的线程进行唤醒。
也就是说,等待和唤醒必须是同一个锁
而锁可以是任意对象,所以可以被任意对象调用的方法定义Object类中
class Res
{
String name;
String sex;
boolean flag = false;
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(r.flag)
try{r.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
if(x==0)
{
r.name = "mike";
r.sex = "man";
}
else
{
r.name = "丽丽";
r.sex = "女女女女";
}
x = (x+1)%2;
r.flag = true;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(!r.flag)
try{r.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(r.name+"....."+r.sex);
r.flag = false;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}
class InputOutputDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
简化版
class Res
{
private String name;
private String sex;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void set(String name,String sex)
{
if(flag)
try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
flag = true;
this.notify();
}
public synchronized void out()
{
if(!flag)
try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(name+"..."+sex);
flag = false;
this.notify();
}
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{
if(x==0)
r.set("mike","man");
else
r.set("丽丽","女女女");
x = (x+1)%2;
}
}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
r.out();
}
}
}
class InputOutputDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();
new Thread(new Input(r)).start();
new Thread(new Output(r)).start();
}
}
生产者与消费者案例
class ProducerConsumerDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void set(String name)
{
while(flag)
try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者......"+this.name);
flag = true;
this.notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void out()
{
while(!flag)
try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者..."+this.name);
flag = false;
this.notifyAll();
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.out();
}
}
}
对于多个生产者和消费者
为什么要定义while判断标记
原因:让被唤醒的线程再一次判断标记
为什么定义notifyAll
因为需要唤醒对方线程
因为只用notify,容易出现只唤醒本方线程的情况,导致程序中所有的线程都等待
Lock替代Synchronized
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;
class ProducerConsumerDemo2
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();
Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();
public void set(String name) throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(flag)
condition_pro.await();
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者........."+this.name);
flag = true;
condition_con.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void out() throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(!flag)
condition_con.await();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者..."+this.name);
flag = false;
condition_pro.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock(); //释放锁的动作一定要执行
}
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
res.out();
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
}
}
}
}
JDK1.5 中提供了多线程升级解决方法
将同步Synchronized替换成现实Lock操作
将Object中的wait,notify notifyAll,替换成了Condition对象
该对象可以Lock锁 进行获取
该实例中,,实现了本方只唤醒对方的操作
停止线程
如何停止线程?
只有一种,run方法结束
开启多线程运行,运行代码通常是循环结构
只要控制住循环,就可以让run方法结束,也就是线程结束
class StopThread implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public void run()
{
while(flag )
{
System. out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "...run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false ;
}
}
class StopThreadDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);
t1.start();
t2.start();
int num = 0;
while(true)
{
if(num++ == 60)
{
st.changeFlag();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+num);
}
}
}
stop()已经过时了。不再使用。
特殊情况:
当线程处于了冻结状态,
就不会读取到标记。那么线程就不会结束
当没有指定的方式让冻结的线程恢复到运行状态时:这时需要对冻结进行清除
强制让线程恢复到运行状态中来,这样就可以操作标记让线程结束。
Thread类中提供了该方法:Interrupt()
Interrupt():中断线程,强制让线程恢复到运行状态上来。会发生InterruptedException,一定要记得处理。
class StopThread implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public synchronized void run()
{
while(flag)
{
try
{
wait();
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....Exception");
flag = false;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}
class StopThreadDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);
t1.start();
t2.start();
int num = 0;
while(true)
{
if(num++ == 60)
{
//st.changeFlag();
t1.interrupt();
t2.interrupt();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+num);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}
setDaemon 守护线程
当运行的线程都是守护线程时,java虚拟机退出
该方法必须在启动线程前调用。
class StopThread implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public synchronized void run()
{
while(flag)
{
try
{
wait();
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....Exception");
flag = false;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}
class StopThreadDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();
Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);
t1.setDaemon(true);
t2.setDaemon(true);
t1.start();
t2.start();
int num = 0;
while(true)
{
if(num++ == 60)
{
//st.changeFlag();
//t1.interrupt();
//t2.interrupt();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+num);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}
join
join:
当A线程执行到了B线程的.join()方法时,A就会等待,等B线程都执行完,A才会执行
join可以用来临时加入线程执行。
class Demo implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
for(int x=0;x<70;x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+x);
}
}
}
class JoinDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
Demo d = new Demo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(d);
Thread t2 = new Thread(d);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t1.join();
for(int x=0;x<80;x++)
{
System.out.println("main....."+x);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}
class ThreadTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//线程1
new Thread()
{
public void run()
{
for(int x=0;x<100;x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...."+x);
}
}
}.start();
//线程2
for(int x=0;x<100;x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"....."+x);
}
//线程3
Runnable r = new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
for(int x=0;x<100;x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"......"+x);
}
}
};
new Thread(r).start();
//new Test1().start();
}
}
/*
class Test1 extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
for(int x=0;x<100;x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...."+x);
}
}
}
*/